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| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
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| Fischer, Carolyn; Hoffmann, Sandra A.; Yoshino, Yutaka. |
| We review the legal provisions of the WTO regime that have important implications for national, market-based environmental policies. We evaluate those provisions for their effects on a member country's ability and incentives to design economically efficient environmental policies. International trade institutions do not recognize the polluter pays principle, posing some challenges for unilateral policies addressing cross-border pollutants and leakage. Nor do they recognize the economic equivalence of emission tax and permit regimes, leading to different potential constraints on policy design and leaving some environmental policies open to influence by protectionist motives. As many legality issues have yet to be disputed and resolved, opportunities exist... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; WTO; GATT; Market-based policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F1; Q38. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10758 |
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| Hoffmann, Sandra A.. |
| In late 2010, Congress passed the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), the most comprehensive reforms to Federal food safety laws since 1938. The farm-to-fork, preventive approach embodied in the Act reflects an established scientific/managerial consensus on how to improve food safety systems. Economic research on similar food safety initiatives by industry and government can help guide implementation of the FSMA. |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120793 |
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| Berck, Peter; Costello, Christopher; Fortmann, Louise; Hoffmann, Sandra A.. |
| One of the most controversial aspects of federal and state policies aimed at protecting old-growth ecosystems has been the potential impact of job losses on local economies. A fundamental question for historically timber-dependent communities is whether these policies will result in local economic stagnation and enduring pockets of poverty. In this paper, we examine the long-run impact of changes in timber-related employment on other types of employment and participation in major federal poverty programs. We use monthly, multi-county time series data to estimate a vector autoregressive model of the experience of northern California counties during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that employment base multiplier effects of timber employment on other types of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Forest policy; Poverty; Employment; Time series; Food Security and Poverty; Q23; O15; R11; R15. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10831 |
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| Dharmapala, Dhammika; Hoffmann, Sandra A.; Schwartz, Warren. |
| The standard economic model of bilateral precaution concludes that (in the absence of uncertainty, misperception, or error) all negligence-based liability rules induce socially optimal behavior by both injurers and victims. This paper generalizes the standard model to consider situations in which one party's precaution affects not only expected accident loss, but also directly affects the other party's effort or cost of taking precaution. If the injurer's care affects the victim's precaution costs (but not vice versa), most of the standard results continue to hold (except for strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence). If the victims precaution affects the injurers costs of care (but not vice versa), only strict liability with a defense of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Law and economics; Tort laws; Risk and Uncertainty; K13; K00. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10626 |
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| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
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