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| Hughes, Sarah L.; Holliday, N. Penny; Gaillard, Fabienne. |
| The ICES Report on Ocean Climate presents the latest information on the status and trends of sea temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. It is the main product of the ICES Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography, published annually. Bringing together multiple time-series from across the ICES and NAFO regions offers insight into the concurrent spatial and temporal trends in ocean temperature and salinity. This paper presents an overview of the physical variability in the North Atlantic Ocean at decadal and longer time-scales and reviews the current state of understanding of the causes and mechanisms of this variability. Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index increased from a persistent negative phase... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Circulation; Multidecadal variability; North Atlantic; Salinity; Temperature. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00087/19854/17513.pdf |
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| Holliday, N. Penny; Bersch, Manfred; Berx, Barbara; Chafik, Léon; Cunningham, Stuart; Florindo-lópez, Cristian; Hátún, Hjálmar; Johns, William; Josey, Simon A.; Larsen, Karin Margretha H.; Mulet, Sandrine; Oltmanns, Marilena; Reverdin, Gilles; Rossby, Tom; Thierry, Virginie; Valdimarsson, Hedinn; Yashayaev, Igor. |
| The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The high salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic is a prerequisite for overturning circulation, and strong freshening could herald a slowdown. We show that the eastern subpolar North Atlantic underwent extreme freshening during 2012 to 2016, with a magnitude never seen before in 120 years of measurements. The cause was unusual winter wind patterns driving major changes in ocean circulation, including slowing of the North Atlantic Current and diversion of Arctic freshwater from the western boundary into the eastern basins. We find that wind-driven routing of Arctic-origin freshwater intimately... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00606/71816/70319.pdf |
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| Robson, Jon; Sutton, Rowan T.; Archibald, Alex; Cooper, Fenwick; Christensen, Matthew; Gray, Lesley J.; Holliday, N. Penny; Macintosh, Claire; Mcmillan, Malcolm; Moat, Ben; Russo, Maria; Tilling, Rachel; Carslaw, Ken; Desbruyeres, Damien; Embury, Owen; Feltham, Daniel L.; Grosvenor, Daniel P.; Josey, Simon; King, Brian; Lewis, Alastair; Mccarthy, Gerard D.; Merchant, Chris; New, Adrian L.; O'Reilly, Christopher H.; Osprey, Scott M.; Read, Katie; Scaife, Adam; Shepherd, Andrew; Sinha, Bablu; Smeed, David; Smith, Doug; Ridout, Andrew; Woollings, Tim; Yang, Mingxi. |
| Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, and many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. As the changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the climate and air quality of the surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how and why the changes are taking place, not least to predict how the region will change in the future. To this end, this article characterizes the recent observed changes in the North Atlantic region, especially in the period 2005–2016, across many different aspects of the system including: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric composition; clouds and aerosols; ocean circulation and properties; and the cryosphere. Recent... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Atmosphere; Atmospheric composition; Cryosphere; Observations; Ocean; North atlantic. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56606/58298.pdf |
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| Gonzalez-pola, Cesar; Fratantoni, Paula; Larsen, Karin M. H.; Holliday, N. Penny; Dye, Stephen; Mork, Kjell Arne; Beszczynska-moller, Agnieszka; Valdimarsson, Hedinn; Trofimov, Alexander; Parner, Hjalte; Klein, Holger; Cisewski, Boris; Fontan, Almudena; Lyons, Kieran; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Grana, Rocio; Linders, Johanna; Wodzinowski, Tycjan; Goszczko, Ilona; Cusack, Caroline. |
| The ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography (WGOH) was established in the late 1970's with the aim of gathering experts in physical oceanography to provide regular science-based assessments of the North Atlantic hydrographical condition (basically termohaline fields). From the beginning, the WGOH has relied on repeated long-term in-situ sampling at key sites around the North Atlantic, the Nordic Seas and adjacent shelf seas. An annual Report on Ocean Climate (IROC), produced by the WGOH since the late 1990's, summarizes trends in regional hydrography and identifies patterns linking these changes across the North Atlantic. Regional analyses are prepared by local experts who are directly involved in... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Ocean climate; Hydrography; Timeseries; In-situ sampling; Periodical report; Science to policy; North Atlantic. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00488/59977/63224.pdf |
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| Frajka-williams, Eleanor; Ansorge, Isabelle J.; Baehr, Johanna; Bryden, Harry L.; Chidichimo, Maria Paz; Cunningham, Stuart A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Dong, Shenfu; Donohue, Kathleen A.; Elipot, Shane; Heimbach, Patrick; Holliday, N. Penny; Hummels, Rebecca; Jackson, Laura C.; Karstensen, Johannes; Lankhorst, Matthias; Le Bras, Isabela A.; Lozier, M. Susan; Mcdonagh, Elaine L.; Meinen, Christopher S.; Mercier, Herle; Moat, Bengamin I.; Perez, Renellys C; Piecuch, Christopher G.; Rhein, Monika; Srokosz, Meric A.; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Bacon, Sheldon; Forget, Gael; Goni, Gustavo; Kieke, Dagmar; Koelling, Jannes; Lamont, Tarron; Mccarthy, Gerard D.; Mertens, Christian; Send, Uwe; Smeed, David A.; Speich, Sabrina; Van Den Berg, Marcel; Volkov, Denis; Wilson, Chris. |
| The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both herald and drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin AMOC observational systems have been put in place to continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, and in some cases, heat, freshwater and carbon transport. These observational programs have been used to diagnose the magnitude and origins of transport variability, and to investigate impacts of variability on essential climate variables such as sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Meridional overturning circulation; Thermohaline circulation; Observing systems; Ocean heat transport; Carbon storage; Moorings; Circulation variability. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf |
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