SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Becker, Alexander; Holm-Muller, Karin.

In this article, legal consequences of the new German genetic engineering act are analyzed. In addition environmental economic analysis is presented of those parts of the act that introduce new litigation regulation to farmers. The different kinds of external costs arising from genetic engineering of plants and their allocation to different actors are considered. The paper focuses on the costs resulting from the postulated coexistence of conventional/organic farms and users of biotechnology. Excessive liability of farmers can be avoided, if the producers of genetically modified seeds accept any litigation claims against farmers. Furthermore, negotiations between neighbouring farms can be an option to keep the costs of damage prevention at reasonable levels.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering act; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Precautionary principle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97315

Das neue Gentechnikgesetz - ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz?

Becker, Alexander; Holm-Muller, Karin.

In addition to existing juridical analyses of the new German act for genetic engineering, this article deals with an environmental economic assessment. It is examined what kind of external costs will arise by using/applying genetic engineering and how they will be allocated. Our focus is on the costs that explicitly evolve from the societal postulated coexistence of conventional/ organic farms and users of biotechnology. If the protection of the existing production is accepted, as postulated by politics, the new act internalizes the so called market losses relatively well. In this context, the design of precautionary duties that have to be still established by law is of utmost importance. To avoid the dangers of an excessive liability by the farmer, it is...

Bewertung nicht-marktfähiger Leistungen der Landwirtschaft – eine Herausforderung für die Forschung

Palavras-chave: Act for genetic engineering; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; K32; Q55.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18775

Das moderne Konzept der internen Subventionierung als Kriterium zur Identifizierung von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen bei europäischen Agrarumweltmaßnahmen

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98079

Holm-Muller, Karin; Witzke, Heinz Peter.

Both WTO and the EU use a “Rule of additional costs” (RAC) to restrict payments for ecological services in agriculture in order to prevent trade distortions. We assess this rule in the light of modern economic theory. It is shown that the RAC is efficient, if conventional agriculture is competitive without other payments. In regions where agriculture is not competitive though and is said to be important for ecological purposes the payments for ecological services must exceed additional costs. In these cases three criteria exist to prevent trade distortions as far as possible: the regions in which farmers are eligible to more than additional costs must be clearly defined by economic and ecological indicators, payments must not exceed the costs for...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Rule of additional costs; Environmental payments; Competitiveness.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98257

Abschätzung der Wertschöpfungspotenziale im ländlichen Raum durch Biokraftstoffe am Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalens

Breuer, Thomas; Holm-Muller, Karin.

To enhance the use of biofuels is stated priority of EU and German energy policy. Reasons given for this priority inter alia include positive income effects for the rural areas. This paper uses the example of North Rhine-Westphalia to investigate rural areas’ possibilities to profit from the added value of bio fuel production. It is shown that the main channel of income generation is based on stabilized demand for agricultural products. Taking into account recent policy shifts in Germany there remain few chances to participate in the added value of downstream production steps. In addition, due to considerable support for biogas plants maize production considerably reduces areas consecrated to bio fuel production.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Development of rural areas; Income effects; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96752

Modelling regional maize market and transport distances for biogas production in Germany

Delzeit, Ruth; Britz, Wolfgang; Holm-Muller, Karin.

Our location model aims to simulate location decisions for biogas plants based on profit maximisation to generate regional demand functions for maize and corresponding plant size structure and transport distances. By linking it with an agricultural sector model we derived regional maize markets. Comparing results for the REA with a scenario applying uniform per unit subsidy and producing the same energy, we see higher subsidy costs with the REA but lower transportation distances.

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Biogas; Environmental effects; Transport costs; Choice of location; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53258

Kosten-Wirksamkeitsanalyse unterschiedlicher Randstreifenbreiten in einem Uferrandstreifenprogramm zur Reduktion des Risikos chemischer Pflanzenschutzmittel---Entwicklung und Anwendung eines modellbasierten Indikators im Agrarsektormodell RAUMIS

Sieber, Stefan; Holm-Muller, Karin; Gutsche, Volkmar; Kreins, Peter.

A variety of agri-environmental instruments can be used to combat water pollution by pesticides in agriculture according to the regulation EC 1257/1999. The chosen policies should be politically feasible and capable to prevent external effects cost-effectively. One possible policy instrument for Germany is the implementation of nation-wide buffer strip programs. This paper aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of alternative strip widths. Therefore an indicator is developed that reflects the impact of plant protectant use on aquatic ecosystems. This indicator is used to compute reductions in pesticide impact of different strip widths and the agricultural opportunity costs computed by the agri-environmental policy-information-system RAUMIS.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Buffer strips; RAUMIS; Cost-effectiveness-analysis; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97399

Agrarumweltpolitik

Holm-Muller, Karin; Henrichsmeyer, Wilhelm.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98256

Opt-in of the agricultural sector to the European trading scheme for greenhouse gas emissions – a proposal and its possible effects

Perez Dominguez, Ignacio; Holm-Muller, Karin.

In light of international discussions on a possible opt-in of the agricultural sector to the current European emission trading system for greenhouse gases, the objective of this article is to present a feasible implementation strategy for a market of emission permits in European agriculture and to simulate its economic effects within the regionalised agricultural sector model CAPRI. With this purpose, we compare the effects of a 15% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from European agriculture with and without a trading scheme. Our findings suggest that if significant emission abatement is to be achieved in the agricultural sector, efficiency gains from expanding the current emission trading scheme to this sector can be appreciable. An additional finding...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Climate gas emissions; Emission trading; Abatement costs; Agricultural policy; Modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96766

Der Internationale Vertrag über pflanzengenetische Ressourcen für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft – ein Meilenstein zur Erleichterung der Pflanzenzüchtung?

Neue Schriftleitung der Agrarwirtschaft

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97539

Umweltfördermaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft – Teilnehmerauswahl durch Ausschreibungen?

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96736

Holm-Muller, Karin; Radke, Volker; Weis, Jurgen.

Agri-environmental programs offering uniform payments to farmers achieved only low participation ratios in some regions whereas, in other regions, windfall profits arose. Auctions leading to individual payments equal to farmers’ bids could solve this problem. Simulations showing auctions’ efficiency gains are based on critical assumptions though. In this article the validity of these assumptions is discussed for different auction designs and different subprograms. We find that extensification programs offer the best conditions for successful auctions. However, it seems counterproductive to use auctions for choosing among different areas in environmental contracting.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental measures; Auctions; Efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98116

Performance payments for carnivore conservation in Sweden

Zabel, Astrid; Holm-Muller, Karin.

Solving carnivore-livestock conflicts is essential if goals to preserve biodiversity conservation are taken seriously and livelihoods especially of poor livestock owners are to be safeguarded. This paper presents an innovative performance payment approach for carnivore conservation, that has been successfully implemented in Sweden. Performance payments are made to reindeer herding Sami villages for certified carnivore offspring on the villages’ territories. First results support the assumption that this approach has the potential to solve many problems inherent to conventional compensation schemes. A well designed common pool regime is deemed necessary to direct the incentives set by the internal distribution of the performance payments toward collective...

Neue Entwicklungen in der Debatte um gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen

Palavras-chave: Performance payments; Carnivore conservation; Sweden; Collective action; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q57.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57031

Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Chance fur zusatzliches Einkommen im landlichen Raum?

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97436

Pallast, Gregor; Breuer, Thomas; Holm-Muller, Karin.

Based on previous experiences with the cultivation of short Rotation Coppice in Germany, the present article deals with the profitability of tree-plantations for bio-energy generation. The production process is divided into several steps in order to compare the resulting production costs with the associated revenues of potential users. As the cultivation of short rotating coppice in Germany is still in its experimental stage, the focus of this article is on the comparison of different production processes as well as on a critical evaluation of the available data base. The results show that with no government aid taken into account large scale cultivation can reach profitability only under very optimistic assumptions. Considering the necessary long term...

Towards a certification of biomass: Feasibility of a certifications scheme of sustainability standards for trade and production of bioethanol in Brazil

Palavras-chave: Short rotation Coppice; Farmers income; Renewable energy; Profitability; Rural areas; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; R32.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18785

Delzeit, Ruth; Bohle, Hans-Georg; Holm-Muller, Karin.

Bioenergy produced from biomass is increasingly used to substitute fossil energy sources. Trade of biomass is expected to increase in the following years due to disparities in production costs and potentials in countries and regions. In this paper the possibility of a certification scheme for minimizing negative socio-ecological impacts and for increasing a sustainable production of biomass is discussed, taking Brazilian bioethanol as an example. This case-study comes up with a first set of feasible sustainability standards for Brazilian bioethanol and discusses issues to be considered when developing sustainability standards. At the same time problematic aspects are identified. When incorporating opinions of different stakeholders, the setting of...