SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Horan, Richard D.; Shortle, James S..

Increasingly, environmental problems are recognized to involve linkages across multiple environmental variables (e.g., pollution and a fishery). Prior work on managing these complex, linked systems generally focuses on efficiency rather than implementation. However, implementation is important and will generally involve changing human behaviors within the multiple economic sectors that impact upon the multiple environmental variables. Tradable permit markets are generally seen as a coordinating mechanism, within a particular regulated sector, that enhances efficiency by incentivizing agents to respond to behavioral choices of others within the sector. However, prior work stops short of coordinating behaviors across multiple sectors for cases where...

Disease and Behavioral Dynamics for Brucellosis Control in Elk and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area

Palavras-chave: Permit trading; Fisheries; Pollution; Shapley values; Bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103591

This paper investigates private responses and ecological impacts of policies proposed to confront the problem of brucellosis being spread from elk to cattle in Wyoming. The policies consist of combinations of changes in elk feeding and population levels. Farmers’ responses to these dynamics are modeled along with the associated impacts to livestock population dynamics. Our findings suggest that feedbacks between jointly determined disease dynamics and decentralized economic behavior matter, and the elk feedgrounds do not actually generate economic harm to the individual farmers.

Livestock Disease Indemnity Design When Moral Hazard is Followed by Adverse Selection

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Disease ecology; Epidemiology; Replicator dynamics; Susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model; Wildlife disease; Wildlife feeding; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51707

Gramig, Benjamin M.; Horan, Richard D.; Wolf, Christopher A..

Averting or limiting the outbreak of infectious disease in domestic livestock herds is an economic and potential human health issue that involves both the government and individual livestock producers. Producers have private information about preventive biosecurity measures they adopt on their farms prior to outbreak (ex ante moral hazard), and following outbreak they possess private information about whether or not their herd is infected (ex post adverse selection). We investigate how indemnity payments can be designed to provide incentives to producers to invest in biosecurity and report infection to the government, while simultaneously addressing the information asymmetry between producers and the government. We show how addressing the adverse selection...

RESOURCE OR NUISANCE? MANAGING AFRICAN ELEPHANTS AS A MULTI-USE SPECIES

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6542

Horan, Richard D.; Bulte, Erwin H..

Increasing human interference with natural systems causes us to re-think our perception of wildlife species and the economic choices society makes with regards to their management. Accordingly, we generalize existing 'bioeconomic' models by proposing an economically-based classification of species. The theoretical model is applied to the case of African elephant management. We demonstrate that the classification of the steady state population of a species depends on both species' density and economic factors. Our main results are threefold. First, we demonstrate the classification-dependent possibility of multiple equilibria and perverse comparative statics for multi-use species. Second, upon comparing the optimal stock of a multi-use species to the...

Disease and Behavioral Dynamics for Brucellosis Control in Elk and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20440

Managing Excessive Predation in a Predator-Prey Setting: The Case of Piping Plovers

This paper investigates private responses and ecological impacts of policies proposed to confront the problem of brucellosis being spread from elk to cattle in Wyoming. The policies consist of combinations of changes in elk feeding and population levels. Farmers' responses to these dynamics are modeled along with the associated impacts to livestock population dynamics. Our findings suggest that feedbacks between jointly determined disease dynamics and decentralized economic behavior matter, and the elk feedgrounds do not actually generate economic harm to the individual farmers.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Brucellosis; Disease ecology; Epidemiology; Replicator dynamics; Susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model; Wildlife disease; Wildlife feeding; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50165

Melstrom, Richard T.; Horan, Richard D..

Ecosystems involve interspecies interactions that can be influenced by human interventions. Prior work shows interventions that ignore these interactions cause efficiency-reducing ecosystem externalities. We show inefficiencies may also be attributable to nature, via interspecies interactions generating excessive competition or predation. Ecosystem management therefore may involve correcting both ecological and economic inefficiencies. We explore ecosystem management to correct ecological inefficiencies from predation. The inefficiencies are shown to be akin to anthropogenic externalities arising when humans harvest resources under open access conditions, and so the solution is to “regulate” predators. Viewing the ecological inefficiencies in this...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Wildlife management; Endangered species; Open access; Predator control; Predator removal; Exclosures; Piping Plovers; Merlins; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123350

THE ECONOMICS OF MANAGING WILDLIFE DISEASE

Horan, Richard D.; Wolf, Christopher A..

The spread of infectious disease among and between wild domesticated animals has become a major problem worldwide. Upon analyzing the dynamics of wildlife growth and infection when the disease animals cannot be identified separately from healthy wildlife prior to the kill, we find that harvest-based strategies alone have no impact on disease transmission. Other controls that directly influence disease transmission and/or mortality are required. Next, we analyze the socially optimal management of infectious wildlife. The model is applied to the problem of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer, with non-selective harvests and supplemental feeding being the control variables. Using a two-state linear control model, we find a two-dimensional...

Economic Incentives for Controlling Trade-Related Biological Invasions in the Great Lakes

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22224

Lupi, Frank; Horan, Richard D..

Ballast water from commercial ships engaged in international trade has been implicated as the primary invasion pathway in over 60 percent of new introductions of invasive alien species (IAS) in the Great Lakes since 1960. Recent policies have recognized that IAS are a form of biological pollution and have become focused on preventing new introductions. Given that emissions-based incentives are infeasible for the case of biological emissions, we investigate the cost-effectiveness of various performance proxy-based and technology-based economic incentives to reduce the threat of new invasions of Ponto-Caspian species in the Great Lakes.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Aquatic nuisance species; Ballast water; Uncertainty; Risk management; Performance-based incentives; Environmental subsidies; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10200

Optimal Control of Brucellosis in Bison in the Yellowstone National Park Area

Brucellosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease that causes infected females to abort their calves. It has caused devastating losses to U.S. farmers over the last century. The only known focus of Brucellosis left in the nation is wildlife such as bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Vaccination and test-and-slaughter have been applied to brucellosis management in bison, and there has been discussion that a combination of both could potentially eradicate the disease in the Yellowstone National Park. However, there is no study on how to allocate resources between the two actions. This paper investigates the optimal allocation of these two selective management options, in a bioeconomic framework, when there are both existence and recreational...

Disease and Behavioral Dynamics for Brucellosis in Elk and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Brucellosis; Disease ecology; Epidemiology; Optimal control; Susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61334

We investigate private responses to policies that have been proposed to confront a human-wildlife conflict that likely emerged as a result of a management regime designed to address an earlier human-wildlife conflict: specifically, brucellosis in elk that has spread to cattle in Wyoming. We examine population and disease dynamics under several different management options for the Jackson elk herd, where each option involves a combination of changes in elk feeding and population levels. Farmer responses to these dynamics, when vaccination is not required, are modeled along with the associated impacts to livestock dynamics. We also examine livestock management when there is little-to-no consideration given to the risk posed by elk. In practice, the...

Jointly-Determined Livestock Disease Dynamics and Decentralized Economic Behavior

Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6404

Gramig, Benjamin M.; Horan, Richard D..

We develop a dynamic model of livestock disease and decentralized economic behavior as a jointly-determined system. By accounting for feedbacks between behavioral choices and disease outcomes we capture the endogenous nature of infection risks. We consider government mandated testing of livestock herds and how private biosecurity incentives are affected by the structure of disease eradication polices. How well disease control policies are targeted affects their effectiveness and may result in farmers substituting government testing and disease surveillance for private biosecurity. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that failing to account for feedbacks between disease and economic dynamics may underestimate the level of infection. Not accounting for...

THE ROLE OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE ECONOMICS OF WILDLIFE DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomics; Epidemiology; Replicator dynamics; Externalities; Strategic behavior; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49260

Fenichel, Eli P.; Horan, Richard D.; Wolf, Christopher A..

Infected wildlife cannot be selectively harvested for most diseases, complicating disease control. Targeting harvests by sex improves efficiency because disease transmission and prevalence usually vary by sex. We present a bioeconomic model of optimal deer and disease management that incorporates a two-sex wildlife model and sex-specific disease transmission and prevalence.

Wildlife Conservation Payments to Address Habitat Fragmentation and Disease Risks

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20395

Horan, Richard D.; Shogren, Jason F.; Gramig, Benjamin M..

We build a stylized model to gain insights into the application of conservation payments to protect endangered species in the face of wildlife-livestock disease risks and habitat fragmentation. Greater connectivity of habitat creates an endogenous trade-off. More connectedness ups the chance that populations of endangered species will grow more rapidly; however, greater connectivity also increases the likelihood that diseases will spread more quickly. We analyze subsidies for both habitat connectedness and livestock vaccination. We find the cost-effective policy is to initially subsidize habitat connectivity rather than vaccinations; this increases habitat contiguousness, which eventually also increases disease risks. Once habitat is sufficiently...

CONTROLLING WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK DISEASE WITH ENDOGENOUS ON-FARM BIOSECURITY

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21076

Horan, Richard D.; Wolf, Christopher A.; Fenichel, Eli P.; Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr..

The spread of infectious disease among and between wild and domesticated animals has become a major problem worldwide. We analyze the socially optimal management of wildlife and livestock, including choices involving environmental habitat variables and on-farm biosecurity controls, when wildlife and livestock can spread an infectious disease to each other. The model is applied to the problem of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer. The optimum is a cycle in which the disease remains endemic in the wildlife, but in which the cattle herd is depleted when the prevalence rate in deer grows too large.

THE WELFARE SENSITIVITY OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS

Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20349

Horan, Richard D.; Claassen, Roger; Howe, Lance.

Most economic studies of pollution control analyze policies that are optimal for a given set of underlying parameters. Less understood is how such policies perform when the underlying parameters change and policies are not adjusted in response, or what the benefits of adjustment are. We construct several measures of welfare sensitivity and use them to analyze the welfare impacts arising in a simulation of second-best, agri-environmental policies.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31041

THE ECONOMICS OF GREEN PAYMENTS FOR REDUCING AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN THE CORN BELT

Zhang, Wei; Horan, Richard D.; Claassen, Roger.

We develop a watershed-based model of green payments to examine how payments applied to different environmental performance measures compare on the basis of economic efficiency, equity, and environmental outcomes. We also explore how targeting in the specification of water quality goals (e.g., TMDLs) affects program performance.

A Model of Incentive Compatibility under Moral Hazard in Livestock Disease Outbreak Response

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21939

Gramig, Benjamin M.; Horan, Richard D.; Wolf, Christopher A..

This paper uses a principal-agent model to examine incentive compatibility in the presence of information asymmetry between the government and individual producers. Prior models of livestock disease have not incorporated information asymmetry between livestock managers and social planners. By incorporating the asymmetry, we investigate the role of incentives in producer behavior that influences the duration and magnitude of a disease epidemic.

THE VALUE OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC INFORMATION IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Moral hazard; Principal-agent model; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19200

Borisova, Tatiana; Shortle, James S.; Horan, Richard D.; Abler, David G..

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/03.

TRADABLE RISK PERMITS TO PREVENT FUTURE INTRODUCTIONS OF ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES INTO THE GREAT LAKES

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22180

Horan, Richard D.; Lupi, Frank.

Alien invasive species contribute to biodiversity loss and cause billions of dollars of economic damage in the Great Lakes. We examine the design and efficiency of a tradeable permit system for biological pollution due to alien species that invade the Great Lakes through the ballast water of commercial ships.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY DESIGN

Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22111

Horan, Richard D.; Claassen, Roger; Cooper, Joseph C..

Agricultural nonpoint pollution is inherently stochastic (e.g., due to weather). In theory, this randomness has implications for the choice and design of policy instruments. However, very few empirical studies have modeled natural variability. This paper investigates the importance of stochastic processes for the choice and design of alternative nonpoint instruments. The findings suggest that not explicitly considering the stochastic processes in the analysis can produce significantly biased results.