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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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| Hansen, Kristiana; Kaplan, Jonathan D.; Kroll, Stephan; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| Risk and reliability dominate water supply discussions in the arid western United States. In the past, water managers built additional storage to mitigate supply risk. The optimal, least expensive storage sites have now been taken, and there are strong, environmental objections to new facilities. Reliability of existing supplies is further diminished due to concerns about endangered species and global climate change. Thus water agencies increasingly turn to contractual mechanisms such as dry-year options to manage supply risk in advance of need. However, although a few water agencies across the West have implemented dry-year options, sufficient data for conventional econometric analysis do not yet exist. We thus utilize experimental economics to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10002 |
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| Maneta, Marco P.; Torres, Marcelo; Howitt, Richard E.; Vosti, Stephen A.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Bassoi, Luis H.. |
| Policymakers, managers of water use associations, and many others in developing countries are considering policy actions that will directly or indirectly change the costs and availability of groundwater and surface water for agricultural users. While in many cases such actions may bring about welcomed increases in water use efficiency, little is known about the likely effects of changes in irrigation costs or water access on farmer behavior, or on farmer incomes in the short or long runs, and virtually nothing is known about the detailed immediate or knock-on effects on water resources that such policy actions might cause. This paper reports the preliminary results of research aiming to fill these large scientific gaps by developing a detailed hydrologic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9705 |
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| Torres, Marcelo; Vosti, Stephen A.; Bassoi, Luis H.; Howitt, Richard E.; Maneta, Marco P.; Rodrigues, Lineu N.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Young, Julie A.. |
| Information on the spatial distribution of poverty can be useful in designing geographically targeted rural poverty reduction programs. This paper uses recently released município-level data on rural poverty in Brazil to identify and analyze spatial patterns of rural poverty in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB). Moran's I statistics are generated and used to test for spatial autocorrelation, and to prepare cluster maps that locate rural poverty 'hot spots' and 'cold spots.' Research results demonstrate that rural poverty is spatially correlated in some parts of the SFRB, and where correlated, worse-off (better-off) municípios tend to be located next to worse-off (better-off) municípios. The policy implications of these results are discussed, as are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9733 |
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| Howitt, Richard E.; Msangi, Siwa. |
| This paper demonstrates a method for reconstructing flexible form production functions using minimal disaggregated data sets. The policy focus of our approach puts emphasis on the ability of the model to reproduce the existing production system and predict the disaggregate outcomes of policy changes. We combine Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) with Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) estimation to capture the individual heterogeneity of the local production environment, and allow the reconstructed production function to precisely replicate the input usage and outputs produced in the base year. Since we can generate demand, supply and substitution elasticities from the reconstructed model we can represent a wide range of policy responses. The... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19585 |
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| Kim, Hong Jin; Helfand, Gloria E.; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| This study estimates the benefits to agricultural and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on other sectors, and do not consider costs of attaining the standards. The methods here allow comparison of both total and marginal benefits and costs. The results suggest that net gains can be achieved for the entire valley by reducing ozone below 1990 levels, although results vary by region. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31169 |
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| Wicks, Santhi; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| Soil is a capital asset and a renewable resource that requires continued maintenance to ensure the sustainability of agricultural output in the long-run. Growers are continually adjusting the soil's productivity by adding and extracting soil nutrients, and modifying the soil structure through cultivation. Accordingly, we approach sustainable agriculture in terms of capital assets and switching conditions. A theoretical model focusing on cover cropping and soil nitrates shows that profit maximizing farmers' cover cropping decision depend on the price of nitrogen, cost of chemical nitrogen, cost of cover crops and the farmer decision making horizon. In addition, we show that restriction on application of chemical nitrogen for environmental reasons will... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19230 |
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| MacEwan, Duncan; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| In arid regions, including Australia's Murray-Darling basin and California's Central Valley, increasing salinity is a problem affecting agriculture, regional economies, urban areas, and the environment. The direct costs of salinity to agriculture in the Murray-Darling basin and California’s Central Valley are on the order of $500 million per year. Policymakers want to design policies to effectively manage salinity and, as such, need to understand how farmers respond to changing salinity levels. Reduced crop yields account for the largest direct cost of salinity to agriculture however farmers are able to mitigate effects through field management. Consequently, there is a difference between experimentally estimated yield-salinity functions and those which... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124331 |
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| Murphy, James J.; Dinar, Ariel; Howitt, Richard E.; Rassenti, Stephen J.; Smith, Vernon L.; Weinberg, Marca. |
| We use laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation. The institutions are (1) a baseline with fixed minimum flow constraints, (2) an environmental agent contributing to the cost of providing instream flows, and (3) creating an instream flow right in which an environmental agent can sell the right to reduced flows. Using a "smart" computer-coordinated market, we find that direct environmental participation in the market can achieve highly efficient and stable allocations. A particularly attractive and practical feature of the third institution is that it nests the status quo in the sense that, should the environmental agent choose not to participate in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14525 |
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| Wicks, Santhi; Howitt, Richard E.; Klonsky, Karen. |
| The economic viability of alternative and more sustainable agriculture farming systems depend on the value of farm profits. These values may be estimated through short or long-run of profit maximization, but there is a difference in these methods. In short-run profit maximization the instantaneous marginal benefits are equated to the marginal costs of production. Where as in the long-run maximization of profits the capital value of soil resources are quantify in addition to the direct revenues and costs of each system over time. A long-run approach is fundamental to capture the value of capital improvements in soil resources. In this study we use short-run experimental data from SAFS's rotations to calibrate the crop simulation model EPIC, and obtain a... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21444 |
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| Konyar, Kazim; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| This study analyzes the impact of implementing carbon permit trading considered under the Kyoto Protocol, and the subsequent expected increase in energy and resource prices on U.S. crop production. The focus is on input substitution, net farm income, regional crop acreage, and crop prices. The analysis is carried out with a calibrated mathematical programming model which covers the major crops produced in the 48 contiguous states on a regional basis. The model accounts for both the variable inputs and the allocatable inputs of land and irrigation water, and it permits input substitution when farmers are faced with external shocks. The results suggest that when energy prices increase, the net cost to the crop-producing sector depends on the farmer's... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30900 |
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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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