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| Srinivasan, Chittur S.; Shankar, Bhavani; Irz, Xavier T.. |
| The member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) have recently endorsed its Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. The strategy emphasizes the need to limit the consumption of saturated fats and trans fatty acids, salt and sugars, and to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in order to combat the growing burden of non communicable diseases. Adherence to the norms recommended by the WHO would call for major changes in the consumption, production and trade of several key food products and several sectors of the food industry have expectedly raised serious concerns about the potential impact of these norms on their future growth prospects. This paper attempts a broad quantitative assessment of the consumption impacts of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24564 |
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| Irz, Xavier T.; Roe, Terry L.. |
| This paper develops a two-sector growth model incorporating the essential distinguishing features of agriculture, including the reliance of production on a natural resource base as well as on industrially produced inputs, the low income elasticity of demand for food and the life-sustaining function of food consumption. In this framework, the ability of an economy to supply an adequate supply of food to a growing population can be related to the existence of a steady state. This property is used to define a simple analytical criterion upon which to assess the long-term food situation of a closed economy. This sustainability condition relates all the dynamic parameters of the economy: rates of technological change in the two sectors, rate of population... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54213 |
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| Irz, Xavier T.; Hadley, David. |
| To improve the welfare of the rural poor and keep them in the countryside, the government has been spending 40% of the value of agricultural GDP on agricultural support services. But can investment make smallholder agriculture prosperous in such adverse conditions? This paper derives an answer by applying a two-output six-input stochastic translog distance function, with inefficiency effects and biased technical change to panel data for the 18 districts and the commercial sector, from 1979 to 1996. This model demonstrates that herds are the most important input, followed by draft power, land and seeds. Multilateral indices for technical change, technical efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) show that the technology level of the commercial sector... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25899 |
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| Irz, Xavier T.; Roe, Terry L.. |
| This paper develops a two-sector model of growth where agriculture is considered explicitly. Key features of the model include: the reliance of agricultural production on a fixed but degrading resource base, the use by the farm sector of industrially produced inputs and differing rates of technological progress in the two sectors. On the demand side, the low income elasticity for food as well as the life-sustaining function of food consumption are recognized. In this simplified framework, the sustainability of growth can be related to the existence of a steady state reflecting the ability of the economy to feed its population. This property is used to identify the characteristics within and outside of agriculture conducive to the sustainability of a... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture and growth; Dynamic general equilibrium model; International Development; O41; O13; F11. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21762 |
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| Stevenson, James R.; Irz, Xavier T.. |
| Farm-level trade-offs between development objectives are analysed using a three-stage methodological design. Firstly, a typology of arming systems is devised, using data from a farm-level survey and the methods of principal components analysis and cluster analysis. Five farm types are described that characterize current production practices in two regions in the Philippines. Secondly, a set of sustainability indicators are measured for each of the five farm types. Finally, the sustainability indicator results are analysed in a participatory multi-criteria decision-making model using weights established during a series of focus groups with stakeholders in the study regions. Very large farms perform particularly badly in these analyses, and the optimal... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Development; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56007 |
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| Irz, Xavier T.; Niemi, Jyrki S.; Xing, Liu. |
| The agricultural commodity crisis of 2006-8 and the recent evolution of commodity markets have reignited anxieties in Finland over fast-rising food prices and food security. Although the impact of farm commodity price shocks on the final consumer is mitigated by a large degree of processing as well as the complex structure of the food chain, little is known about the strength of the linkages between food markets and input markets. Using monthly series of price indices from 1995 to 2010, we estimate a vector error-correction (VEC) model in a co-integration framework in order to investigate the short-term and long-term dynamics of food price formation. The results indicate that a statistically significant long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114460 |
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