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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Kerr, Suzi; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi, Romina; Davis, Benjamin; Lipper, Leslie; Sanchez, Arturo; Timmins, Jason. |
| We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands. Controlling for locations' characteristics, we find that poorer areas are cleared more rapidly. This result suggests that poverty reduction aids forest conservation. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23792 |
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| Olssen, Alex; Kerr, Suzi. |
| Regional Councils are primarily responsible for environmental management, as specified in the Resource Management Act (RMA), 1991. The Local Government Act 2002 has an integrative component, requiring consideration of social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of their communities. These two Acts are interesting, as their combination is shaping new governance structures within New Zealand. Different types of policy instruments are available to Regional Councils while carrying out their functions: regulatory, economic and voluntary. The 1990s are characterized by ‘first generation Plans’ of the RMA, which were highly rule focused. In the 2000s a marked shift occurred, mainstreaming ‘community’ and participative approaches to policy. This... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land use change; New Zealand; National; Time series; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q15; Q24. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115413 |
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| Cramton, Peter; Kerr, Suzi. |
| An auction of carbon permits is the best way to achieve carbon caps set by international negotiation to limit global climate change. To minimize administrative costs, permits would be required at the level of oil refineries, natural gas pipe lines, liquid sellers, and coal processing plants. To maximize liquidity in secondary markets, permits would be fully tradable and bankable. The government would conduct quarterly auctions. A standard ascending-clock auction in which price is gradually raised until there is no excess demand would provide reliable price discovery. An auction is preferred to grandfathering (giving polluters permits in proportion to past pollution), because it allows reduced tax distortions, provides more flexibility in distribution of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse; Climate change; Carbon trading; Auction; Ascending-clock; Tradable permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q3; D4. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10668 |
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| Kerr, Suzi; Lipper, Leslie; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi, Romina; Davis, Benjamin; Hendy, Joanna; Sanchez, Arturo. |
| We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807 |
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| McDonald, Hugh J.; Kerr, Suzi. |
| The question of how to effectively address agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is of critical importance for New Zealand and the world. Ensuring that our responses are effective requires us to first consider what we aim to achieve: why do we care about agricultural emissions? This paper responds to this fundamental inquiry, and argues that New Zealanders‟ diverse individual motivations can be grouped under three headings: one, concern about the direct impacts of climate change on New Zealand and the world; two, pressure from others based on their concern about climate change; three, complementary goals. This framework is useful in setting out how our underlying motivations should shape our responses, and highlights the importance of choosing responses... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115507 |
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| Zhang, Wei; Power, William; Kerr, Suzi. |
| Under the New Zealand Emission Trading System (NZETS), post-1989 forestry land (the exotic or indigenous forest land that was not used for plantation on 31 December 1989) in New Zealand is eligible for reward for each tonne of CO2-eqv sequestrated by reverting from pasture to indigenous scrub. We use the Land Use in Rural New Zealand (LURNZ) model to conduct 2 simulations assuming that one tonne of CO2-eqv costs $25; The reference case is that no one has entered the NZETS, the other scenario is that the whole agriculture sector and indigenous forest (but not plantation) have entered the ETS. Each simulation estimates the amount of land use changes in dairy, sheep-beef and scrub from 2008 to 2015. By comparing these simulations, we identify the current use... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emission trading system; Scrub reversion; Agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50896 |
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| Fischer, Carolyn; Kerr, Suzi; Toman, Michael. |
| In Kyoto in 1997, the US government agreed that between 2008 and 2012 it would limit average annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to seven percent below 1990 levels. As participants in the climate policy debate consider various means by which limits on US GHG emissions might be undertaken in the wake of the Kyoto agreement, there is considerable interest but also some confusion about how a GHG trading program could be organized and operated in practice. In this paper we address several aspects of policy design for a US system, such as who and what is covered by regulation, the organization of the trading system, how carbon permits are allocated, and how a system could be initiated and changed over time. The paper synthesizes existing analyses and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Emissions trading; Environmental policy design; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10501 |
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| van Benthem, Arthur A.; Kerr, Suzi. |
| Voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines and participants will self-select into the program, adverse selection will reduce efficiency and possibly environmental integrity. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between adverse selection and infra-marginal transfers. We find that increasing the scale of voluntary programs both improves efficiency and reduces transfers. We show that discounting (paying less than full value for offsets) is inefficient and cannot be used to reduce the fraction of offsets that are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Deforestation; Offsets; Adverse selection; REDD; Climate change policy; Opt-in.. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100569 |
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| Anastasiadis, Simon; Nauleau, Marie-Laure; Kerr, Suzi; Cox, Tim; Rutherford, Kit. |
| The life satisfaction approach has recently emerged as a new technique in the suite of options available to non-market valuation practitioners. This paper examines the influence of ecosystem diversity on the life satisfaction of residents of South East Queensland, Australia. It is found that, on average, a respondent is willing-to-pay approximately AUD$20,000 in household income per annum to obtain a one-unit improvement in ecosystem diversity. This result indicates that the life satisfaction effects of improvements in ecosystem diversity are substantial, and greater than the welfare effects implied by studies using more conventional non-market valuation techniques. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115348 |
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| Lock, Kelly; Hendy, Joanna; Kerr, Suzi. |
| Motu is currently developing a dataset of production costs relating to different rural land uses, which we can use to help explain historical land-use trends at a Territorial Authority level. The Meat and Wool Economic Service farm survey provides a rich database containing physical and financial data for New Zealand sheep and beef farms including detailed information on average farm expenditure, from at least 1980. But while this dataset provides extensive information for 8 farm classes and 5 regions, the actual location of the farms within each class is not known. So, we have developed an algorithm that generates a map of potential farm classes utilising supplementary information on farm location from QVNZ and a land productivity map developed by Baisden... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Spatial allocation; Production costs; Sheep and beef farming; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31952 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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