SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Johnson, D. Demcey; Krissoff, Barry; Young, C. Edwin; Hoffman, Linwood A.; Lucier, Gary; Breneman, Vincent E..

Eighty-nine percent of American households were food secure throughout the entire year in 2005, meaning that they had access, at all times, to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members. The remaining households were food insecure at least some time during that year. The prevalence of food insecurity declined from 11.9 percent of households in 2004 to 11.0 percent in 2005, while the prevalence of very low food security remained unchanged at 3.9 percent. This report, based on data from the December 2005 food security survey, provides the most recent statistics on the food security of U.S. households, as well as on how much they spent for food and the extent to which food-insecure households participated in Federal and community food...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food insecurity; Food spending; Food pantry; Hunger; Soup kitchen; Emergency kitchen; Material well-being; Food Stamp Program; National School; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7249

A closer look at the role of the fruit and vegetable planting restriction provision on land use in the United States

Lei, Lei; Rickard, Bradley J.; Balagtas, Joseph Valdes; Krissoff, Barry.

Current U.S. farm programs make payments to farmers based in part on historical base acres planted in particular program crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and soybeans. Eligibility for payments includes regulations on the crops allowed to be grown on base acres, and there are restrictions on planting horticultural crops on such base acres. The fruits and planting restriction on base acres has potentially influenced the number of acres planted to fruits and vegetables over the past two decades. This research carefully examines the effects of planting restrictions applied to vegetables and program crops, using county-level data in the United States in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. The paper employs the difference-indifference (DiD) approach to...

Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: Do U.S. Farmers Even Notice?

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103992

Motamed, Mesbah J.; Krissoff, Barry; Young, C. Edwin; You, Chengxia.

TRACEABILITY IN THE U.S. FOOD SUPPLY: ECONOMIC THEORY AND INDUSTRY STUDIES

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61595

Golan, Elise H.; Krissoff, Barry; Kuchler, Fred; Calvin, Linda; Nelson, Kenneth E.; Price, Gregory K..

This investigation into the traceability baseline in the United States finds that private sector food firms have developed a substantial capacity to trace. Traceability systems are a tool to help firms manage the flow of inputs and products to improve efficiency, product differentiation, food safety, and product quality. Firms balance the private costs and benefits of traceability to determine the efficient level of traceability. In cases of market failure, where the private sector supply of traceability is not socially optimal, the private sector has developed a number of mechanisms to correct the problem, including contracting, third-party safety/quality audits, and industry-maintained standards. The best-targeted government policies for strengthening...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Traceability; Tracking; Traceback; Tracing; Recall; Supply-side management; Food safety; Product differentiation; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33939

TRADE POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF EXPORT SUBSIDIES

Leetmaa, Susan E.; Krissoff, Barry; Hartmann, Monika.

The United States and the European Union both employ export subsidies to stimulate wheat trade and to increase their competitiveness in world markets. The environmental consequences of these policies are being questioned. We simulate reducing or removing export subsidies for wheat from the United States and the EU using a multicountry partial equilibrium model, and we analyze the impact of export subsidy policy reform on nitrogen fertilizer and other chemical use. Our findings indicate that the U.S. EEP program cannot be blamed for environmental degradation in terms of nitrate leaching, while EU wheat subsides make only a small contribution to nitrate pollution.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31403

PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE COUNTRIES

Krissoff, Barry; Sharples, Jerry A..

Many countries of the Western Hemisphere in recent years have shown interest in participating in preferential trading arrangements (PTA) in anticipation of expanding exports. Results in this paper show that export expansion depends upon the type of agreement that is formed and who else is participating. Trade of two agricultural commodities are examined; wheat, and fruit and vegetable juices. Five PTAs are examined, each including the United States and one or more Western Hemisphere countries.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31642

TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE: A CASE STUDY OF PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS AND U.S. - JAPANESE APPLE TRADE

Calvin, Linda; Krissoff, Barry.

Concern about the use if technical barriers as restrictions to trade has increased since the World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture. In this analysis, we quantify the phytosanitary barriers to U.S. apple exports to Japan by calculating tariff-rate equivalents. We examine the trade and welfare impacts of removing phytosanitary barriers and tariffs under two assumptions regarding transmission of the bacterial disease fire blight: first, that transmission via commercial fruit is not possible, and second, that it can occur. The disease losses required to eliminate the grains to trade are estimated to be much larger than those experienced in other countries.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31191

EMERGENCE OF U.S. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: CAN WE COMPETE?

Klonsky, Karen; Tourte, Laura; Thompson, Gary D.; Lohr, Luanne; Krissoff, Barry.

This compilation of papers for principal papers session PP-03 at the AAEA 1998 Annual Meeting assesses the current status of the organic agriculture industry in the United States. Paper topics address production, market and certification issues faced by the industry, research challenges and emerging conditions shaping domestic and international markets.

Few Farms Participate in the Vegetable Planting Pilot Program

Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; Industry structure; International trade; Certification; Organic agriculture; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16704

Krissoff, Barry; Motamed, Mesbah J..

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121244

Western Hemisphere Integration: Trade Policy Reform and Environmental Policy Harmonization

Gray, Denice; Krissoff, Barry; Tsigas, Marinos E..

CONSUMER EFFECTS OF HARMONIZING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR TRADE IN ORGANIC FOODS

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50815

Lohr, Luanne; Krissoff, Barry.

Even if governments agree on equivalency of organic standards across countries, consumers may still believe domestically produced organic foods are superior to imports. We simulated a partial equilibrium model of trade in organic wheat between the United States and Germany to illustrate the welfare gains and losses associated with international harmonization of organic standards. Six cases were examined - no equivalency in standards (the status quo), equivalency of standards with complete and incomplete import acceptance, exporters certifying in importing country with complete and incomplete import acceptance, and exporters paying educational costs, with incomplete import acceptance. Results demonstrate that importing country consumers are better off if...

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a Multi-Sector World Model

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16726

Krissoff, Barry; Ballenger, Nicole.

Impacts of agricultural and nonagricultural trade liberalization on agriculture are assessed in a multi-commodity, multi-country framework. By modeling simultaneously all goods sectors of the economy, we evaluate the importance of (1) relative price changes between sectors and (2) income and exchange rate adjustments that follow trade liberalization in a world of floating rates. Specifically, we compare two cases using a static world policy simulation (SWOPSIM) model: agricultural multilateral liberalization and complete multilateral liberalization with floating exchange rates for all countries/region. In both cases agricultural commodity prices tend to increase, an effect which is more pronounced when currency values adjust. The developing countries, in...

U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Marketing: Emerging Trade Practices, Trends, and Issues

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1987

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51244

Calvin, Linda; Cook, Roberta L.; Denbaly, Mark; Dimitri, Carolyn; Glaser, Lewrene K.; Handy, Charles R.; Jekanowski, Mark D.; Kaufman, Phillip R.; Krissoff, Barry; Thompson, Gary D.; Thornsbury, Suzanne.

In the past year, trade practices between fresh produce shippers and food retailers gained national attention. Shippers are concerned that recent retail consolidation has led to market power and the growing incidence of fees and services. Retailers argue that these new trade practices reflect their costs of doing business and the demands of consumers. Trade practices include fees such as volume discounts and slotting fees, as well as services like automatic inventory replenishment, special packaging, and requirements for third-party food safety certification. Trade practices also refer to the overall structure of a transaction-for example, long-term relationships or contracts versus daily sales with no continuing commitment. This study compares trade...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Produce; Fresh fruit and vegetables; Fresh-cut produce; Trade practices; Fees and services; Slotting fees; Retail consolidation; Produce shipper consolidation; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33915

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century

Krissoff, Barry; Ballenger, Nicole; Dunmore, John C.; Gray, Denice.

Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

How Does the Limited Base Acre Provision in the 2008 Farm Act Affect Small Farms?

Arriola, Christine; Krissoff, Barry; Young, C. Edwin.

Under the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Farm Act), U.S. farms with 10 or fewer base acres became ineligible to receive Direct and Countercyclical Payment (DCP) or Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program payments(Section 1101(d) and 1302(d)) from USDA. Limited resource and socially disadvantaged owners are exempt from this “base 10” provision. Eliminating payments on farms with 10 or fewer base acres reduces payments made by USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) and the cost of administering the DCP and ACRE programs. We examine the characteristics of the farms affected by the limited base acre provision and answer the question: How does the provision affect small farms?

Traceability for Food Safety and Quality Assurance: Mandatory Systems Miss the Mark

Palavras-chave: US Farm Policy; Limited Base Acres Provision; 2008 Farm Act; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103563

Golan, Elise H.; Krissoff, Barry; Kuchler, Fred; Nelson, Kenneth E.; Price, Gregory K.; Calvin, Linda.

Traceability systems are record-keeping systems that are primarily used to help keep foods with different attributes separate from one another. When information about a particular attribute of a food product is systematically recorded from creation through marketing, traceability for that attribute is established. Recently, policy makers in many countries have begun weighing the usefulness of mandatory traceability for managing such diverse problems as the threat of bio-terrorism, country-of-origin labelling, mad cow disease, and identification of genetically engineered foods. The question before policymakers is, When is mandatory traceability a useful and appropriate policy choice?

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45724

AN ANALYSIS OF A UNITED STATES-CANADA-MEXICO FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

Grennes, Thomas J.; Estrada, Julio Hernandez; Krissoff, Barry; Matus Gardea, Jaime Arturo; Sharples, Jerry A.; Valdes, Constanza.

This is one of two papers commissioned by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium on various aspects related to the agricultural sector of a prospective North American Free Trade Agreement. The companion paper to this one has been prepared by a working group chaired by Richard Barichello, University of British Columbia. To minimize duplication with the Barichello paper this paper has given greater attention to the role of Mexico, currency exchange rates, and explicit modeling of the trade relationship.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1991

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14616

Estimated Impacts of a Potential U.S.-Mexico Preferential Trading Agreement for the Agricultural Sector

Krissoff, Barry; Neff, Liana; Sharples, Jerry A..

We develop a three region - U.S., Mexico, and Rest-of-World - simulation model to analyze the effects on the agricultural sector of a potential preferential trading arrangement (PTA) between Mexico and the United States. The simulation exercises indicate that two-way agricultural trade increases and welfare improves in the United States and Mexico from a bilateral preferential agreement on agricultural products. Our results show that when border protection is eliminated by the United States and Mexico, bilateral agricultural trade expands by over 15 percent. Relative to the size of the two agricultural sectors, however, the overall impact is very small for the U.S. agricultural sector but there is a more significant adjustment for Mexican agriculture.

The Effect of Protection and Exchange Rate Policies on Agricultural Trade: Implications for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico

Palavras-chave: Preferential trading arrangements; Simulation model; Agricultural trade; United States and Mexico; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1992

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51135

Krissoff, Barry; Ballenger, Nicole.

The impacts of reducing both agricultural and nonagricultural protection on the agricultural sector are assessed with emphasis placed on Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. By modeling simultaneously all goods sectors of the economy in a multi-country framework, we evaluate the importance of (1) the relative rates of protection between sectors and (2) exchange rate adjustments that follow trade liberalization in a world of floating rates. We find substantial improvements in net agricultural trade for Argentina and Brazil, particularly following a multilateral trade and exchange rate liberalization. Additionally, the value of gross domestic product improves for all three countries following multilateral liberalization suggesting that these countries experience...