|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
|
|
| Hueth, Brent; Ligon, Ethan. |
| This paper uses extensive data on production outcomes for processing tomato growers in California to examine the efficacy of explicit incentives observed in grower-processor contracts. Our data include all deliveries of tomatoes to some 51 processors over a period of 7 years in which at least 65 unique types of contracts are employed. Results indicate that incentives account for a significant proportion of observed variation in production outcomes, and that complementarities across different sorts of "incentive instruments" play a prominent role in contract design. Although explicit incentives explain a substantial portion of the variation in production outcomes relative to that which could be explained by incentives (as captured by processor/year fixed... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21990 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Hueth, Brent; Ligon, Ethan; Melkonyan, Tigran A.. |
| We examine interactions among explicit and implicit contracting practices for a sample of 385 intermediaries in California fruit and vegetable markets. Explicit practices are measured with an indicator for the existence of a formal contract, and with indicators for various contract specifications (e.g., target delivery date, volume, acreage). Implicit practices are measured directly with a question about the existence of an “implicit understanding,” and indirectly with questions about the extent of informal involvement in farm-level decision making. Firms that manufacture processed foods, and that grow in house a portion of their total farm input, are significantly more likely to report use of explicit and implicit contracting practices. Additionally,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6068 |
| |
|
|
| Ligon, Ethan. |
| Recent research on household `vulnerability' has led to an increased appreciation of the welfare costs of risk. Measuring the risk borne by a particular household has generally involved the use of panel data, and in particular the use of time series variation in household expenditures to estimate the risk borne by the household in any given period. This has led researchers to focus on static measures of vulnerability, since once used to identify the distribution of consumption expenditures in a single period the time series variation can no longer be used to describe the intertemporal profile of the distribution of consumption expenditures--simultaneous estimation of inequality, risk, and time series variation in household vulnerability requires the... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120423 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Ligon, Ethan; Schechter, Laura. |
| Traditional poverty measures neglect several important dimensions of household welfare. In this paper we construct a measure of "vulnerability" which allows us to quantify the welfare loss associated with poverty as well as the loss associated with any of a variety of different sources of uncertainty. Applying our measure to a panel dataset from Bulgaria in 1994, we find that poverty and risk play roughly equal roles in reducing welfare. Aggregate shocks are more important than idiosyncratic sources of risk, but households headed by an employed, educated male are less vulnerable to aggregate shocks than are other households. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19899 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Dubois, Pierre; Ligon, Ethan. |
| Using data on individual consumption expenditures from a sample of farm households in the Philippines, we construct a direct test of the risk-sharing implications of the collective household model. We are able to contrast the efficient outcomes predicted by the collective household model with the outcomes we might expect in environments in which food consumption delivers not only utils, but also nutrients which affect future productivity. Finally, we are able to contrast each of these two models with a third, involving a hidden action problem within the household; in this case, the efficient provision of incentives implies that the consumption of each household member depends on their (stochastic) productivity. The efficiency conditions which... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120421 |
| |
|
|
| Ligon, Ethan; Schechter, Laura. |
| We conduct field experiments in rural Paraguay to measure the value of reciprocity within social networks in a set of fifteen villages. These experiments involve conducting dictator- type games different treatments involve manipulating the information and choice that individuals have in the game. These different treatments allow us to measure and distinguish between different motives for giving in these games. The different motives we're able to measure include a general benevolence and reciprocity within the social network. We're further able to draw inferences from play in the games regarding the sorts of impediments to trade which must restrict villagers' ability to share in states of the world when no researchers are present running experiments and... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120419 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Ligon, Ethan. |
| Much recent empirical work on intra-household allocation uses the axiomatic Nash Bargaining model to make predictions about how the distribution of consumption within the household will respond to individuals' income shocks. However, one of the basic axioms underlying this approach is that allocations will be Pareto optimal, so forward-looking, risk adverse household members ought to be expected to smooth away any such response to income shocks-Pareto optimality seems to be too strong in a dynamic setting. In this paper we use explicitly dynamic framework and replace the axiom of Pareto optimality with a weaker notion of efficiency. We give a simple algorithm for computing allocations, and construct an extended example, meant to model the effects of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25102 |
| |
|
|
| Ligon, Ethan; Schechter, Laura. |
| What motivates people in rural villages to share? We first elicit a baseline level of sharing using a standard, anonymous dictator game. Then using variants of the dictator game that allow for either revealing the dictator's identity or allowing the dictator to choose the recipient, we attribute variation in sharing to three different motives. The first of these, directed altruism, is related to preferences, while the remaining two are incentive-related (sanctions and reciprocity). We observe high average levels of sharing in our baseline treatment, while variation across individuals depends importantly on the incentive-related motives. Finally, variation in measured reciprocity within the experiment predicts observed `real-world' gift-giving, while... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C92; C93; D03; D64; D85; O17. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120376 |
| |
|
|
| Adam, Christopher; Hoddinott, John; Ligon, Ethan. |
| This paper develops a dynamic model of household bargaining and uses it to motivate an empirical analysis of the impact changes in Canadian laws regarding the allocation of family assets upon divorce on female suicide. Using time series data, we show that in Ontario, the passage of Canadian legislation that improved women's rights to assets upon divorce was associated with reductions in the rate of female suicide amongst older (married) women while not affecting younger (unmarried) women. As suggested by our model, its impact was asymmetric in that male suicide rates were unaffected by this change. We also exploited a quasi-natural experiment in these data, namely that no comparable legislative change occurred in Quebec. Here, we do not observe a... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Intrahousehold; Bargaining; Divorce; Suicide; Canada; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D10; J12. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120422 |
| |
|
|
| Cao, Heping; Ligon, Ethan; Meng, Xiangyi. |
| It has been widely observed that China's break-neck growth has not been equally shared between rural and urban areas, with urban households' enjoying a much larger proportion. To further test whether regional inequality exists within urban areas, we measure urban households vulnerability in a risky environment and decompose this measure to quantify China aggregate risks, province-level risks and idiosyncratic risks faced by households situated in 31 provinces. Besides, under this framework of analysis, we are able to make welfare comparisons between growth, inequality and different risks. We find that inequality has very big negative effect on households' welfare, while growth is able to compensate nearly half of it; households seem to be able to smooth... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21458 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Hueth, Brent; Ligon, Ethan. |
| This paper estimates an agency model of contracts used in California's processing-tomato industry. Model estimation proceeds in three stages. We first estimate growers' stochastic production possibilities, and then, for a given vector of preference parameters, compute an optimal compensation schedule. Finally, we compare computed compensations with actual compensations and choose preference parameters to minimize distance between the two. Assuming perfect competition and risk neutrality for processors, we obtain an estimate of .08 for growers' measure of constant absolute risk aversion (where returns are measured in units of $100/ton), and find that growers' effort cost is 1.8% of total operating cost. Welfare losses from information constraints are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20560 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
|
|
|
