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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| This paper studies the consequences of certain widespread policies for the quality and sustainability of growth. These policies cause economic inefficiency, environmental destruction and increased poverty. The paper develops a political economy model to show why the existence of such policies is not likely to be the fruit of errors or miscalculations by policy-makers. A key characteristic that distinguishes this analysis from other political economy analyses is that it allows for an essential asymmetry in the political lobby, with the wealthy having the ability to influence governments through bribes and political contributions while the poor are unable to do so. The key consequence of this is that the policy setting tends to perpetuate or even worsen an... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18724 |
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| Engel, Stefanie; Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| This paper focuses on the interactions between local communities having at least some degree of informal claims over natural resources and external agents, particularly firms interested in commercial resource exploitation. The paper makes three contributions to the existing literature. First, unlike the literature on devolution and communal resource management, rather than concentrating on intra-community decisions, we extend the analysis to examine interactions between the community and outside agents. Second, unlike both the literature on conflict and bargaining, we integrate these two strands of the literature, so that we can endogenously derive the conditions under which community-firm interactions result in conflict or, alternatively, in bargaining... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18720 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.; Galinato, Gregmar I.; Islam, Asif M.. |
| Government spending has significant environmental implications. This paper analyzes the effect of the allocation of government spending between public goods broadly defined and private goods or non-social subsidies on air and water pollution. The theoretical model predicts that a reallocation of expenditures from private subsidies to public goods improves environmental quality by reducing production pollution. We estimate an empirical model that shows that such a reallocation causes a significant reduction in air pollutants namely sulfur dioxide and lead and an improvement in water quality measures including dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
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| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48055 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| This paper studies the interactions between harvesters that depend on the renewable resource as a vital factor of production (i.e., fisheries) and industries that can have important impacts on the renewable resource but whose production does not depend on it (i.e., off-shore oil extraction) in the context of a growing economy. We examine these issues in the context of a closed economy focusing on how the co-existence between these two sectors affects the potential for sustainable development and how the well-being of the poor, i.e., the harvesters, is affected. We identify conditions under which existence and expansion of a resource-impacting sector may make sustainable development more likely. However, if these conditions are not met growth of the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92390 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| This paper examines how certain new structural factors have contributed to the latest great financial crisis and world recession of 2008-09. We focus on three of these structural factors: (i) the incorporation of highly populated countries into the growth process; (ii) The increasing scarcity of the environment and certain natural resources; (iii) the unprecedented concentration of wealth and income in the advanced economies over the last three decades. These structural changes have significantly tightened the links between world growth and commodity prices, have made the world commodity supply to become increasingly inelastic, and have made growth to become more dependent on lax monetary policies, respectively. All this may make the recovery from the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51987 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| This paper explores the conditions for sustainable development through two models of economic growth that elucidates two extremes; an open economy with constant prices, and a closed economy with endogenous prices. Sustainable development is easier to achieve in the case of the former than the latter. A closed economy requires a high degree of flexibility of its consumers, with an elasticity of substitution of clean goods substantially above 1 in order to achieve sustainable development. Three mechanisms have to work in tandem: the technique, composition, and growth-limit effects. In contrast, the open economy requires no flexibility on the part of its consumers and may achieve sustainable development through only one mechanism – the composition effect. For... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46592 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.; Islam, Asif M.. |
| Trade, the exchange of goods and services across countries, is often viewed as an engine of economic growth. Benefits of liberalized trade include access to a larger variety of goods and services to consumers, easier access to foreign technologies, access to larger markets for producers, and increased efficiency in resource allocation. The impact of trade on the environment, however, is a contentious issue; air and water pollution, the degradation of natural habitats and loss of species, and global pollutants, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, are major concerns. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45982 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.; Anriquez, Gustavo. |
| This paper analyzes the roles of agriculture in reducing poverty. Following the methodology proposed by Lopez (2002), three channels by which agricultural growth reduces poverty are tested: (i) its effects on the real wage of unskilled workers (and/or its possible effect in reducing their unemployment); (ii) the direct impact of agricultural growth on the income of poor farmers; and, (iii) the effect on real food prices. The paper concludes that the pro-poor role of agricultural expansion is dramatic. Agricultural growth tends to improve all measures of poverty significantly with head count falling around 7.3% as a consequence of a 4.5% increase in agricultural output. An important result is that while the economy-wide effects taking place via food prices... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Chile; Poverty; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12013 |
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| Lopez, Ramon E.. |
| The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; Public goods; Agricultural growth; Subsidies; Social equity; International Development; H40; H41; H42; O13; Q15; Q18. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112595 |
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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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