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| Gago, Jesus; Galgani, Francois; Maes, Thomas; Thompson, Richard C.. |
| Microplastic litter is a pervasive pollutant present in marine systems across the globe. The legacy of microplastics pollution in the marine environment today may remain for years to come due to the persistence of these materials. Microplastics are emerging contaminants of potential concern and as yet there are few recognized approaches for monitoring. In 2008, the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) included microplastics as an aspect to be measured. Here we outline the approach as discussed by the European Union expert group on marine litter, the technical Subgroup on Marine litter (TSG-ML), with a focus on the implementation of monitoring microplastics in seawater in European seas. It is concluded that harmonization and coherence... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Marine debris; Plastics; Microplastics; Monitoring. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00358/46932/46836.pdf |
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| Maes, Thomas; Van Der Meulen, Myra D; Devriese, Lisa L.; Leslie, Heather A.; Huvet, Arnaud; Frere, Laura; Robbens, Johan; Vethaak, Dick A.. |
| Microplastic contamination was determined in sediments of the Southern North Sea and floating at the sea surface of North West Europe. Floating concentrations ranged between zero and 1.5 microplastic/m3, whereas microplastic concentrations in sediments ranged between zero and 3146 particles/kg dry weight sediment. In sediments, mainly fibers and spheres were found, whereas at the sea surface fragments were dominant. At the sea surface, concentrations of microplastics are lower and more variable than in sediments, meaning that larger sample sizes and water volumes are required to find detectable concentrations. We have calculated the widths of the confidence intervals (CI) for different sample sizes, to give a first indication of the necessary sample size... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Microplastics; Marine litter; Floating debris; Sediment; Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD); Baseline. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00384/49505/49999.pdf |
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| Vethaak, A. Dick; Davies, Ian M.; Thain, John E.; Gubbins, Matthew J.; Martinez-gomez, Concepcion; Robinson, Craig D.; Moffat, Colin F.; Burgeot, Thierry; Maes, Thomas; Wosniok, Werner; Giltrap, Michelle; Lang, Thomas; Hylland, Ketil. |
| Many maritime countries in Europe have implemented marine environmental monitoring programmes which include the measurement of chemical contaminants and related biological effects. How best to integrate data obtained in these two types of monitoring into meaningful assessments has been the subject of recent efforts by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Expert Groups. Work within these groups has concentrated on defining a core set of chemical and biological endpoints that can be used across maritime areas, defining confounding factors, supporting parameters and protocols for measurement. The framework comprised markers for concentrations of, exposure to and effects from, contaminants. Most importantly, assessment criteria for... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Chemical measurements; Biomarker; Bioassay; Pollution effects; Biomonitoring; Environmental; Impact; MSFD; ICES; OSPAR. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00283/39429/37869.pdf |
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| Galgani, Francois; Hanke, Georg; Maes, Thomas. |
| Marine debris is commonly observed everywhere in the oceans. Litter enters the seas from both land-based sources, from ships and other installations at sea, from point and diffuse sources, and can travel long distances before being stranded. Plastics typically constitute the most important part of marine litter sometimes accounting for up to 100 % of floating litter. On beaches, most studies have demonstrated densities in the 1 item m−2 range except for very high concentrations because of local conditions, after typhoons or flooding events. Floating marine debris ranges from 0 to beyond 600 items km−2. On the sea bed, the abundance of plastic debris is very dependent on location, with densities ranging from 0 to >7700 items km−2, mainly in coastal... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Marine litter; Plastic; Distribution; Beaches; Seafloor; Microplastics; Floating litter. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00667/77914/80097.pdf |
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