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| Grether, Jean-Marie; Mathys, Nicole A.; de Melo, Jaime. |
| This paper contributes to the debate on the existence of pollution haven effects by systematically measuring the pollution content of trade (measured by the polluction content of imports (PCI)) and decomposing it into three components: a deep (i.e. unrelated to the environmental debate) component and two components (factor endowments and environmental policies) that occupy centerstage in the debate on trade and the environment. The decomposition is carried out for 1986-88 for an extensive data set covering 10 pollutants, 48 countries and 79 ISIC 4-digit sectors. Illustrative decompositions presented for 3 of the 10 pollutants in the data set indicate a significant pollution haven effect and highlight the role of factor endowments in each regions PCI.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12186 |
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| Gerlagh, Reyer; Mathys, Nicole A.. |
| We study the effect of countries’ energy abundance on trade and sector activity, conditional on sector’s energy intensity, using an unbalanced panel with 14 high-income countries from Europe, America and Asia, 10 broad sectors, and years 1970-1997. We find that (i) countries with large energy endowments have low energy prices, and are thus energy abundant both on micro and macro level. (ii) Energy abundant countries have a high level of energy embodied in exports relative to imports. (iii) Energy intensive sectors export from and (iv) have higher economic activity in energy abundant countries. (v) The trade and location effects increase with a sector’s exposure to international trade. In short, energy is a major driver for sector location through... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade and the Environment; Pollution Haven; Factor Endowments; Industry Location; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99639 |
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| Grether, Jean-Marie; Mathys, Nicole A.; de Melo, Jaime. |
| This paper tackles the “pollution haven” argument by estimating the pollution content of imports (PCI). The PCI is then decomposed into three components: (i) a “deep” component (i.e. traditional variables unrelated to the environmental debate); (ii) a factor endowment component and (iii) a “pollution haven” component reflecting the impact of differences in environmental policies. The estimation is carried out for 1987 for an extensive data set covering 10 pollutants, 48 countries and 79 ISIC 4-digit sectors. Decompositions based on cross-section econometric estimates suggest a significant pollution haven effect which increases the PCI of the North because of stricter environmental regulations in the North. At the same time, the factor endowment effect... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade and The Environment; Pollution Haven Effect; Factor Endowment Effect; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q56. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119097 |
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