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| Michaelowa, Katharina. |
| Applying the general question of aid effectiveness to the sector of education, this paper reveals an overall positive effect of development assistance on primary enrolment. However, even the most optimistic estimates clearly show that at any realistic rate of growth, aid will never be able to move the world markedly closer towards the internationally agreed objective of education for all. Universal primary education requires increased efficiency of educational spending by donors and national governments alike. Moreover, the recipient countries' general political and institutional background matters. Under conditions of bad governance, the impact of aid on enrolment can actually turn negative. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Aid effectiveness; Primary education; Good governance; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; F350; O150; I220. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26374 |
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| Michaelowa, Katharina; Waller, Marie. |
| Based on recent data collected by the UNESCO Institute of Statistics and the OECD in the context of their joint "World Education Indicators" project, labour market outcomes of education can be reassessed for selected non-OECD countries (Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, Peru, Thailand and Uruguay) integrating particularly interesting characteristics of developing country labour markets such as high underemployment and informal sector employment. These specific data, available by level of educational attainment, gender and age, have not yet been published and are presented for the first time within this report. Based on the new information available, some light can be shed on ongoing discussions about perceived differences between OECD and non-OECD... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26101 |
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| Michaelowa, Katharina. |
| Low teacher motivation and its detrimental effect on student achievement are central problems of many education systems in Africa. Using standardized data for student achievement in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Madagascar and Senegal, this paper analyzes the empirical links between various policy measures, teacher job satisfaction and primary education outcomes. It appears that there is only very limited evidence for the effectiveness of intensively debated and costly measures such as increasing teachers salaries, reducing class size, and increasing academic qualification requirements. Other, more simple measures such as improved equipment with textbooks are both more effective and less costly. It also appears that teacher job satisfaction... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Teacher job satisfaction; Student achievement; Africa; Labor and Human Capital; I21; O15; O20. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26273 |
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| Michaelowa, Katharina. |
| Only three years after its initial endorsement by the World Bank and the IMF in 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) - Initiative was considerably altered and enhanced. How did this change come about? Neither developments in economic theory, nor empirical evidence of changed beneficiary behavior can explain the usefulness of this policy shift. The merits of a shift from ex-ante conditionality to process conditionality implied by the link of HIPC debt relief to the elaboration of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) remain equally unclear. However, the change from the initial to the Enhanced HIPC. Initiative can easily be explained as a result of utility maximization behavior by national and international bureaucrats, politicians and NGO. A... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: HIPC-Initiative; Political economy of aid; International decision making processes; Political Economy; F34. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26208 |
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| Anwar, Mumtaz; Michaelowa, Katharina. |
| Variations of bilateral aid flows are difficult to explain on the basis of official development objectives or recipient need. At the example of US aid to Pakistan, this paper suggests alternative political economic explanations, notably the relevance of ethnic lobbying and the relevance of US business interests. Time series regressions for the period from 1980 to 2002 and logistic regressions based on votes for the Pressler and the Brown Amendment confirm the significance of these political economic determinants. While in case of the Pressler Amendment, the direct influence of population groups of Indian and Pakistani origins seems to have played a predominant role, the role of ethnic business lobbies appears to have dominated in the context of the Brown... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Choice; Ethnic lobbying; Foreign aid; International Development; Political Economy; D70; F35. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26202 |
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| Michaelowa, Katharina; Borrmann, Axel. |
| Donor agencies invest considerable financial and human resources to evaluate the outcome of their development activities. To derive institutional conditions conducive to an efficient use of these resources, we develop a multi-level principal-agent model focusing on the various interests of the different actors involved in the evaluation process. The model highlights two central problems: (i) the aid agencies' conflicting objectives of transparency and self-legitimization, and (ii) the potential collusion between the evaluator and the project manager. Empirical evidence for the World Bank and different German donor agencies reveals concrete institutional requirements for a reduced evaluation bias and increased transparency. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Development cooperation; Evaluation; Political economy; International Development; F35; H43; D73. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26176 |
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