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Isoniazid and rifampin drug susceptibility testing: application of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay and microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay directly on Ziehl-Neelsen smear positive sputum specimens BJID
Shinu,Pottathil; Singh,Varsha; Nair,Anroop.
Abstract The current study was aimed to evaluate the performance of direct 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay and direct microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay with indirect Löwenstein-Jensen proportion method directly on Ziehl-Neelsen smear positive sputum specimens. Methods Direct acid fast bacilli smear positive sputum specimens (n = 264) were subjected to isoniazid and rifampicin drug susceptibility testing by direct 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay, direct microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay, and the performances were compared with indirect Löwenstein-Jensen proportion method. Results The direct 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay demonstrated an overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; Rapid; Evaluation; Löwenstein–Jensen.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000100033
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Self-emulsifying therapeutic system: a potential approach for delivery of lipophilic drugs BJPS
Wadhwa,Jyoti; Nair,Anroop; Kumria,Rachna.
Self-emulsifying therapeutic system (SETs) provide an effective and intelligent solution to the various issues related to the formulation of hydrophobic drugs with limited solubility in gastrointestinal fluid. Although the potential utility of SETs is well known, only in recent years has a mechanistic understanding of the impact of these systems on drug disposition emerged. These in situ emulsion-forming systems have a high stability when incorporated in various dosage forms. SETs are being looked upon as systems which can overcome the problems associated with delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. An in-depth knowledge about lipids and surfactants that can contribute to these systems, criterion for their selection and the proportion in which they can be...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lipid based formulations; Self-emulsifying therapeutic system; Self-emulsification.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502011000300003
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Basic considerations in the dermatokinetics of topical formulations BJPS
Nair,Anroop; Jacob,Shery; Al-Dhubiab,Bandar; Attimarad,Mahesh; Harsha,Sree.
Assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules at the site of action provides better insight into the efficiency of a dosage form. However, determining drug concentration in the skin layers following topical application of dermatological formulations is a great challenge. The protocols followed in oral formulations could not be applied for topical dosage forms. The regulatory agencies are considering several possible approaches such as tape stripping, microdialysis etc. On the other hand, the skin bioavailability assessment of xenobiotics is equally important for topical formulations in order to evaluate the toxicity. It is always possible that drug molecules applied on the skin surface may transport thorough the skin and reaches systemic circulation....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dermatological formulations/pharmacokinetics; Dermatological formulations/toxicity; Dermatokinetics; Skin/metabolism; Microdialysis; Tape stripping.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502013000300004
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