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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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| Bizimana, Claude; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Ferrer, Stuart R.D.. |
| Butare, where this study was conducted, exhibits one of the highest population densities in Rwanda. As a direct result of population growth, most peasants have small fields and land fragmentation is common. The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of land fragmentation on economic efficiency. Regression analysis shows that area operated is primarily determined by the population-land ratio, non-agricultural employment opportunities, ownership certainty and adequate information through agricultural training. Results from a block-recursive regression analysis indicate that the level of net farm income per hectare, which indirectly reflects greater economic efficiency, is determined by the area operated, use of farm information, field extension... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9489 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Backeberg, G.R.; du Plessis, H.M.. |
| The South African Water Research Commission (WRC) initiated a number of research projects aimed at determining the value of water in different sectors of the economy and in different parts of the country. This research is reviewed. Water values were found to differ significantly between sectors, between geographic areas and within geographic areas. As agriculture is a large consumer of water several studies along different rivers were undertaken, including studies on water quality. Average ratios indicate that agriculture is an inefficient user of water in terms of gross income generated per unit of water and also in terms of jobs created per unit of water. Irrigation farming is, however, an important employer of labour while it contributes 30% to the... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9484 |
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| Ferrer, Stuart R.D.; Hoag, Dana L.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| A direct elicitation of utility approach is used to measure risk preferences of commercial sugar cane farmers in the Mzimkulu, Sezela and Eston sugarmill areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Arrow- Pratt absolute risk aversion coefficients are elicited, adjusted for both range and scale of the data, to allow both inter and intra study comparisons of risk preferences. Of 53 farmers surveyed, two refused to participate in lottery games for religious or moral reasons. Of the remainder 57.2 percent were risk averse, 29.6 percent risk neutral and 13.2 percent risk preferring. On average they were risk averse although risk preferences vary significantly amongst individuals. Regression analysis indicates that on average sugar cane farmers are averse to a possible loss in... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54447 |
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| Ferrer, Stuart R.D.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Technological information is used to assess KwaZulu-Natal commercial sugarcane farmers' intra-plot (panel) soil conservation relative to requirements of the Conservation of Natural Resources Act of 1983. Findings indicate that farmers consider enforcement of the Act to be unlikely and that 28 percent of farmers surveyed do not meet adequate intra-panel soil conservation standards. Multiple regression is used to estimate models representing intra-panel soil conservation adoption and soil conservation effort. Results show that farmers have greater conservation adoption and effort on their relatively steeper panels and implement soil conservation plans on these panels first. Amongst other factors, education and use of extension information sources are... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54438 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Biodiversity offsets for a river create the incentive for cooperation amongst stakeholders with benefits to the environment. Because of the isolation paradox supporting institutions need to be created to facilitate cooperation. Environmental pollution caused by mining activity is a problem in the Olifants River (East) in South Africa. The catchment surface is fractured by mining activities and water is drained into underground aquifers, after which it seeps into streams. Mines have been permitted to release nutrients in the streams during periods of high flow, which is called the “controlled release scheme”. A main problem is the effluent leakage from old disused mines during times when river flow is low and not sufficient dilution of nutrients is... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental offsets; Pollution permits; Olifants River (East). |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47655 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Gillitt, C.G.; Backeberg, G.R.. |
| Transfers of water in the Crocodile River above and below the gorge (near Nelspruit and Malelane) were studied based on a survey in the area during November 2003, followed up by telephonic interviewing during March 2004. Almost all the water trades (permanent and rentals) observed in this study were from farmers above the gorge to farmers below the gorge. In order to study whether the water market promotes efficiency the data were subjected to several statistical analyses (Principal Components, Ridge Regression, Logit). It is concluded that in the transfer of water some attributes in the purchasing area such as lower production risk (sugar cane) and lower financial risk and better cash flow (bananas and sugar cane) were more important than the income per... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31727 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Nieuwoudt, T.W.. |
| The rate of return (ROR) on R&D in the South African Sugar Industry is estimated from a Ridge Regression of a production function of time series data for the period 1925 to 2001. The Industry has kept records on R&D expenditure, yields, rainfall and related factors over a 75-year period. Sugar cane yield was measured in tons sucrose to account for quality improvement. In this function, R&D expenditure lagged three years was significant (t = 6.5) in explaining increased sucrose production per ha. Other highly significant variables in this model were rainfall (t = 5.2) and real cost of production (t = 8.4). A dummy interaction with R&D was significant (t = 2.9) implying a greater impact for R&D technology during the period 1959 to 1975... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9477 |
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| Lishman, J.-L.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Recent research suggests that an Income Equalisation Deposit (IED) scheme could be a feasible new risk management tool for commercial farmers in South Africa. This prompted a study of practicing consultants (tax experts) views on determining what types of farmers would be likely to use the scheme. During 2000, a postal survey of 24 consultants was conducted mainly in KwaZulu-Natal, and in the Maize Triangle and surrounding areas. Each consultant was to review nine scenarios (eight plus a control, giving 192 observations) and decide whether they would recommend an IED scheme for each scenario. A statistical experimental design was used to structure the scenarios, allowing for main and interaction effects between variables that could influence the potential... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9501 |
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| Strydom, M.B.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Hake is the most valuable fisheries species in South Africa, with an estimated landed value of R658 million in 1997. The fishery is presently managed under an individual quota system, where total allowable catch (TAC) is set annually and divided up amongst quota holders according to past performance, without quota holders having to pay for it. Fundamental restructuring of the South African hake quota market is however due to take place in the near future as recommended by the White Paper on Marine Fisheries Policy (1997). Factor analysis of data collected from a postal survey of existing South African hake quota holders and rejected hake quota applicants suggests that distinct differences in attitudes towards restructuring exist amongst respondents. Four... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54878 |
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| Nieuwoudt, T.W.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Given demands on public funding, the question arises whether agricultural research should be the responsibility of the public or private sectors, or whether the state should play a facilitating role. These issues are studied using the management and success of R&D in the South African Sugar Industry as an example. The usual answer is that research should be publicly funded if it is a public good and privately funded if a private good. It is shown that even if aspects of research have clear public good characteristics, then it is still possible to internalise externalities. Sugar cane farmers pay a levy of about 1.0% of the value of the crop to finance their R&D package, which includes research, training and extension. The sugar growers decide on... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9487 |
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| Gillitt, C.G.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Backeberg, G.R.. |
| Irrigation farmers in the Lower Orange River were surveyed during October 2003 in order to study whether water marketing has promoted efficiency and to identify factors that affect future investment in irrigation farming. Econometric procedures (principal component and logit model) indicate that purchasers of water rights produce lucrative export grapes and horticultural crops with relatively less raisin, wine or juice grapes and less field crops; are more specialised in production; have more livestock (probably liquidity factor) and have a less negative view of the five-year review period. The water market has facilitated a transfer of water use from relatively lower value crops to relatively higher value crops, and also promoted the use of more advanced... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31726 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Important water issues in South Africa relate to equity, efficiency of use, quality (return flow pollution) and instream uses such as the environment. Farmers in South Africa pay water rates whether or not water is used and water is not volumetric priced. Water markets can attach an opportunity cost price and scarcity value to water. Opportunity cost pricing by the state has received no support in the international economic literature largely because of estimation problems. Water markets have started to emerge in the Lower Orange River and in the Fish and Sunday's rivers in the Eastern Cape in South Africa but there are two reasons why agricultural water markets do not release water in South Africa. The first reason is that the only water trades that have... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54198 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| Hail insurance is provided by the private sector in South Africa but crop insurance (drought insurance) programmes, after a promising start, failed to attract customers. A crop insurance programme (drought) for small-scale commercial farmers, who are not yet paying tax, has been recommended to government. The purpose in this research is to study the economic viability of such a programme drawing on the US experience. The US programme is well developed but heavily subsidised. During 1998 US growers paid $900 million in premiums while during 1995- 98 the US government spent $1.2 billion per year on subsidies. An area insurance plan (farmers are insured as a group) is shown to be more appropriate for small farmers growing dryland field crops such as maize... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54238 |
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| Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb; Howell, John. |
| In a recent report to government, an Income Equalisation Deposit (IED) Scheme for commercial farmers and crop insurance for small scale farmers have been recommended as risk management strategies. An IED has been considered in the past in South Africa but rejected largely due to tax implications. Conditions have now changed as various countries (Australia, Canada and USA) strongly promote such a scheme as a risk management strategy while the South African crop insurance program has failed to attract farmers. A main criticism of an IED in the past was that if it is used in conjunction with the In/Out farmer’ tax provision, that farmers can obtain tax benefits if they destabilise their incomes. This can be avoided by adopting a tax rule that farmers may only... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54241 |
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| Ferrer, Stuart R.D.; Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb. |
| A Principal components analysis and multiple regression techniques are used to analyse heterogeneity in 53 KwaZulu-Natal sugarcane farmers soil conservation decisions. Minimum tillage and construction of water carrying terraces are the most common methods used, whereas trash mulching is least commonly practised. Results indicate that farmers' demands for soil conservation, their demands for other attributes of soil conservation practices and interactions between practices are important to explaining their choices. Intra-farm variation in use of soil conservation methods is small relative to inter-farm variation. Education programmes, provision of information, and improving farmers' technical soil conservation skills have implications for aggregate soil... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54889 |
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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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