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| Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Travisi, Chiara M.; Nijkamp, Peter. |
| The use of environmental policy instruments such as eco-labelling and pesticide taxes should preferably be based on disaggregate estimates of the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for pesticide risk reductions. We review the empirical valuation literature dealing with pesticide risk exposure and develop a taxonomy of environmental and human health risks associated with pesticide usage. Subsequently, we use meta-analysis to investigate the variation in WTP estimates for reduced pesticide risk exposure. Our findings show that the WTP for reduced risk exposure is approximately 15% greater for medium, and 80% greater for high risk-levels, as compared to low risk levels. The income elasticity of pesticide risk exposure is generally positive, although not... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19524 |
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| Batabyal, Amitrajeet A.; Nijkamp, Peter. |
| We study the problem of precluding biological invasions caused by ships transporting internationally traded goods in containers between different regions of the world. Using the long run expected net cost (LRENC) of inspections as the apposite managerial objective, we address the following important question: Given that inspection is a cyclical activity, is the LRENC lower when a port manager's inspector inspects cargo upon the arrival of a specified number of containers (container policy) or is this LRENC lower when this inspector inspects cargo at fixed points in time (temporal policy)? We construct a queuing theoretic model and show that in an inspection cycle, irrespective of whether the inspection policy choice is made on the basis of an explicit... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19356 |
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