SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

URL: http://orgprints.org/20174/1/EditorialContribution_OrganicAgricultureAndClimateChange_11_4_2012_FiBLTitle.pdf

Muller, Adrian; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Davis, Joan; Dytrtova, Karolina; Gattinger, Andreas; Lampkin, Nicolas; Niggli, Urs.

Climate change mitigation is urgent and adaptation to climate change is crucial, particularly in agriculture, where food security is at stake. Agriculture, currently responsible for 20-30% of global greenhouse gas emissions counting direct and indirect agricultural emissions), can however contribute to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. The main mitigation potential lies in the capacity of agricultural soils to sequester CO2 through building organic matter. This potential can be realized by employing sustainable agricultural practices, such as those commonly found within organic farming systems. Examples of these practices are the use of organic fertilizers and crop rotations including legumes leys and cover crops. Mitigation is also achieved...

Tipo: Working paper

Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2012

Muligheder og barrierer for implementering af principper for robuste og højtydende planteavlssædskifter i praksis – Grundlagsrapport for barrierer undersøgelsen

ØKOLOGISKE SÆDSKIFTER TIL PRODUKTION AF KORN

Noe, Egon; Sørensen, Peter; Melander, Bo; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Hermansen, Sven; Bertelsen, Inger; Fog, Erik.

I det økologiske forskningsprojekt, HighCrop, under GUDP - går økologiske planteavlere, konsulenter og forskere sammen om at finde ud af, hvordan planteavlen på de økologiske planteavlsbedrifter kan udvikles til at være mere robuste og bæredygtige. Et af indsatsområderne er, via interviewbesøg med 10 økologiske planteavlere, at afdække, hvordan den faglige viden når ud til landmændene og hvilke rådgivningstiltag og redskaber der bedst muligt kan understøtte denne videndeling. Denne rapport beskriver det teoretiske og metodiske grundlag for denne barriere undersøgelse

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry Social aspects Education; Extension and communication Weed management Farm nutrient management.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://orgprints.org/22116/7/22116.pdf

Askegaard, Margrethe; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Rasmussen, Ilse A.; Driessen, Eugene; Nielsen, Erling; Thomsen, Henning C.; Bak, Holger; Lindberg, Julie F..

Hvordan kan sædskiftet indrettes så den økologiske kornproduktion øges uden at bæredygtigheden mindskes? Dette centrale spørgsmål belyses med resultater fra et økologisk sædskifteforsøg, der i 1996/97 blev anlagt på tre lokaliteter i Danmark. Da forsyningen med kvælstof (N) kan være meget kritisk i økologisk kornproduktion blev forsøget designet med fokus på dyrkningsmæssige faktorer der har indflydelse på N-forsyningen. Tre faktorer blev undersøgt: 1) Betydning af andel af N-fikserende afgrøder i sædskiftet 2) Betydning af efterafgrøder 3) Betydning af tilførsel af husdyrgødning. Der blev målt udbytter, udvaskning af næringsstoffer samt forekomst af ukrudt. Forsøget demonstrerer vigtigheden af at undersøge dyrkningsfaktorer i en...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Weed management Composting and manuring.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://orgprints.org/7854/1/7854.pdf

Nitrogen use efficiency of cereals in arable organic farming

Olesen, Jørgen E.; Rasmussen, Ilse A.; Askegaard, Margrethe.

The effect of nitrogen (N) supply and weeds on grain yield of spring barley, winter wheat and winter rye was investigated from 1997 to 2004 in an organic farming crop rotation experiment in Denmark on three soil types varying from coarse sand to sandy loam. Two experimental factors were included in the experiment in a factorial design: 1) catch crop (with and without), and 2) manure (with and without). The apparent recovery efficiency of N in grains (nitrogen use efficiency, NUE) from NH4-N in applied manure varied from 29 to 38% in spring barley and from 23 to 44% in winter cereals. The NUE of above-ground N in catch crops sampled in November prior to the spring barley varied from 16 to 52% with the largest value on the coarse sandy soil and the smallest...

Danske forskere tester sædskifter

Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Air and water emissions Composting and manuring.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://orgprints.org/14690/1/Paper_ISOFAR2.pdf

Olesen, Jørgen E.; Rasmussen, Ilse Ankær; Askegaard, Margrethe.

Siden 1997 har fire forskellige sædskifter med forskellige andele af korn været afprøvet. Udbytter og kvælstofudvaskning varierer mellem forsøgsstederne og er afhængig af sædskifte, efterafgrøde og gødning.

Larger root biomass in organic than conventional farming systems

Palavras-chave: Farming Systems.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://orgprints.org/369/1/E0050.pdf

Carbon mineralization and microbial activity in agricultural topsoil and subsoil as regulated by root nitrogen and recalcitrant carbon concentrations

Hu, Teng; Sørensen, Peter; Olesen, Jørgen E..

Root biomass is commonly estimated as a fixed fraction of shoot biomass. Now, a more reliable method of root biomass estimation, that differentiates crops grown in organic and conventional farming, is proposed.

Tipo: Web product

Palavras-chave: Soil quality.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://orgprints.org/33089/1/index.html

Liang, Zhi; Elsgaard, Lars; Nicolaisen, Mette; Lyhne-Kjæbye, Annemette; Olesen, Jørgen E..

Aims Mechanisms of subsoil carbon sequestration from deep-rooted plants are elusive, but may contribute to climate change mitigation. This study addressed the role of root chemistry on carbon mineralization and microbiology in a temperate agricultural subsoil (60 and 300 cm depth)compared to topsoil (20 cm depth). Methods Roots from different plant species were chemically characterized and root-induced CO2 production was measured in controlled soil incubations (20 weeks). Total carbon losses, β-glucosidase activity, carbon substrate utilization, and bacterial gene copy numbers were determined. After 20 weeks, resultant carbon mineralization responses to mineral nitrogen (N) were tested. Results Root-induced carbon losses were significantly lower in...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Soil biology.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://orgprints.org/33966/1/Liang2018_Article_CarbonMineralizationAndMicrobi.pdf

Udbytter i det økologiske planteavlssædskifteforsøg.

Sørensen, Peter; Nielsen, Erling; Olesen, Jørgen E..

I Foulum har vi siden 1997 sammenlignet økologiske dyrkningssystemer med og uden grøngødningsafgrøder. Det langvarige forsøg viser, at konsekvent anvendelse af kvælstoffikserende efterafgrøder kan have næsten samme positive effekt på udbyttet som en helårs grøngødningsafgrøde i sædskiftet, samtidigt med at der er en salgsafgrøde hvert år. Recirkulering af høstet grøngødning som gødning i salgsafgrøderne er afgørende for øgede udbytter.

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Weed management Farm nutrient management Root crops.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://orgprints.org/25300/7/25300.pdf

Picture card tool for holistic planning in organic plant production

Fog, Erik; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Noe, Egon; Sørensen, Peter; Melander, Bo.

Presentation of a new tool for strategic farm planning and improving farm management. The tool is based on picture cards and is meant as an important help for the advisory service for organic farmers. The tool can help the farm manager to raise the yields and the economic performance in organic plant production.

Forberedelser til en ny vækstsæson

Palavras-chave: Farm economics; Technology transfer; Farm nutrient management.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://orgprints.org/24442/13/24442a.pdf

Efteråret er tiden hvor forudsætningerne for næste års udbytte bliver grundlagt. Rodukrudtet skal bekæmpes, og fangafgrøderne skal samle og fastholde næringsstoffer til næste år. I år har den lange periode med varmt og tørt vejr haft stor betydning for hvad der kan lade sig gøre. Vejret kan som sædvanlig både være af det gode og det onde, og det har vi også mærket i sædskifteforsøget. Rodukrudt Rodukrudtet bliver et større og større problem i forsøget. Det har derfor været nødvendigt i mange parceller at foretage kvikbekæmpelse om efteråret. Vi prøver samtidigt også at bekæmpe både tidsler og svinemælk med stubharvninger. Det har været et pragtfuldt efterår til kvikbekæmpelsen. Det tørre vejr har gjort det muligt at foretage en effektiv udtørring...

Rækkedyrkning giver nye muligheder i planteavlen

Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/1810/1/E0065.doc

The greatest challenge for achieving higher and more stable yields in organic arable farming is linked to adequate nitrogen supply and the control of aggressive weeds. The challenges are enhanced in Denmark by the ambition to phase out the possibility of importing conventional manure. Cultivation of grass-clover in the crop rotation increases the nitrogen supply and reduces the weed pressure, but it also reduced overall crop yield in comparison to more intensive plant cultivation. A solution can therefore be to ensure nitrogen supply through grain legumes combined with effective legume-based cover crops in a row-cropping systems allowing effective weed control and good establishment of cover crops.

URL: http://orgprints.org/33087/1/Rowcrop_R%C3%A6kkedyrkning%20giver%20nye%20muligheder%20i%20planteavlen.pdf

Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Weed management.

Ano: 2017

The value of catch crops and organic manures for spring barley in organic arable farming

Olesen, Jørgen E.; Hansen, Elly M.; Askegaard, Margrethe; Rasmussen, Ilse A..

The effect of nitrogen (N) supply and weeds on grain yield of spring barley was investigated in an organic farming crop rotation experiment on three different soil types in Denmark from 1997 to 2001. Three experimental factors were included in the experiment in a factorial design: 1) crop rotation (lupin or pea/barley as previous crop to barley), 2) cover crop (with and without), and 3) manure (with and without). The crop rotations included grass-clover as a green manure crop. Animal manure was applied as slurry in rates corresponding to 40% of the N demand of the cereal crops. Application of 50 kg NH4-N ha-1 in manure (slurry) increased barley grain DM yield by 1.0 to 1.3 Mg DM ha-1, whereas the use of cover crops (primarily perennial ryegrass)...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Farming Systems.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://orgprints.org/3852/2/3852.pdf

Weed control in organic crop rotations for grain production

Rasmussen, Ilse A.; Askegaard, Margrethe; Olesen, Jørgen E..

Weed management carried out in organic crop rotation experiments for grain production. Preliminary results.

Udbytter i forsøgssædskifter til kornproduktion

Palavras-chave: Weed management Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://orgprints.org/248/1/EWRS990325.PDF

Olesen, Jørgen E.; Rasmussen, Ilse Ankær; Askegaard, Margrethe.

For at belyse mulighederne for at dyrke mere økologisk korn til modenhed, blev der i 1996/97 anlagt et økologisk sædskifteforsøg på fire lokaliteter i Danmark: · Jyndevad (JB1) i Sønderjylland, · Foulum (JB4) i Midtjylland · Flakkebjerg (JB6) på Sjælland · Holeby (JB7) på Lolland Sædskifterne repræsenterer systemer med forskellige andele af korn og kvælstoffikserende afgrøder. De har været afprøvet med fire forskellige kombinationer af fangafgrøder (uden og med) og husdyrgødning (uden og med). Det giver en bred vifte af informationer om de enkelte systemers produktionsevne og stabilitet.

Palavras-chave: Farming Systems.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/374/1/E0062.pdf

Fabelagtig vækstsæson

Ligesom sidste år blev det en utrolig nem og tidlig høst. På Jyndevad blev der sået den 25 marts og høstet vårsæd den 29 juli. Forsøget på Foulum blev høstet den 12 august, så selv her er det gået hurtigt i år. Vi har endnu ikke de endelige udbytter fra sædskifteforsøget, men vi har en ide om hvordan det er gået. Der er i øvrigt mere at læse om forsøget på web-loggen på internettet under http://www.foejo.dk.

Modelling of N2O emissions from grasslands in Denmark

Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/1813/1/E0072.doc

Chatskikh, Dmitri; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Berntsen, Jørgen.

A dynamic algorithm to simulate the N2O production and emission from nitrification and denitrification has been included in the field component of the FASSET whole-farm model. Firstly, the model was tested on experimental data of N2O emissions from typical North European grasslands with mineral soils (Denmark, Finland, UK), differing in climatic conditions, soil properties and management. A good agreement was obtained between simulated and measured seasonal N2O emissions grazed and mown grasslands. The predicted annual N2O emissions were generally in accordance with the emission factor of 1.25% suggested by IPCC. Secondly, the model was tested under different climatic and management scenarios applicable for Denmark. The reasonable calculations of potent...

Subsoil loosening eliminated plough pan but had variable effect on crop yield

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://orgprints.org/4131/1/4131.doc

Munkholm, Lars J.; Olesen, Jørgen E..

Subsoil compaction is a widespread problem on Danish arable soils and especially in form of plough pan compaction. Subsoil compaction may reduce crop yield and quality, increase negative environmental impact (e.g. in form of increased nitrogen leaching), and reduce soil workability and traffic ability of the soil. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences has in a DARCOF project investigated the effect of subsoil loosening. The investigations were carried out in an organic crop rotation experiment at two sandy loams: Flakkebjerg (13% clay) and Foulum (8% clay).

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Soil.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://orgprints.org/7820/1/7820.PDF

Nitrate leaching from arable crop rotations in organic farming

Olesen, Jørgen E.; Askegaard, Margrethe.

The crop rotation is a crucial and integral part of organic farming systems. It must be designed to maintain and exploit soil fertility, and to minimise the impacts on environment, e.g. through nitrate leaching. Crop rotations in organic farming typically include legume crops to provide nitrogen fixation and improve soil fertility. Catch crops are also commonly used, if demands for soil tillage to control perennial weeds allow. This paper presents results on nitrate leaching from a field experiment with comparison of three different crop rotations with and without catch crops designed for organic farming.

Dyrkningssystemernes effekt på produktion og miljø

Palavras-chave: Farming Systems.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/3857/1/3857.pdf

Moderne landbrugssystemer har en kraftig indflydelse på det omgivende miljø, og i Danmark er der særlig fokus på nitratudvaskning og drivhusgasemissioner fra landbruget. På det globale skala er lattergas (N2O) en af de væsentlige drivhusgasser (Mosier et al., 1998), og i Danmark er landbruget langt den største kilde til udledning af lattergas. Der stilles i stigende grad krav til landbruget om-kring reduktion af drivhusgasudledningerne, og tiltag til reduktion af udledningerne af N2O og me-toder til lagring af kulstof i jorden er derfor påkrævede. Bæredygtige landbrugssystemer skal også opfylde behovet for tilstrækkelige mængder og kvalitet i fødevarerne. Økologisk jordbrug har visse fordele i disse sammenhænge, men der er også behov for forbedringer. I...

Europæisk forskning i sædskifter til økologisk jordbrug

Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions; Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://orgprints.org/16312/1/16312.pdf

I juni måned 1999 samledes fyrre forskere fra Europa og USA i tre dage på en landbrugsskole i Danmark. Mødet var arrangeret af Forskningscenter for Økologisk Jordbrug (FØJO) og havde til formål at diskutere status og fremtidig retning for forskning i økologiske sædskifter. Alle indlæggene og konklusionerne fra mødet er samlet i en rapport, som kan købes ved henvendelse til FØJO. Rapporten har titlen "Designing and Testing Crop Rotations for Organic Farming".