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| Registros recuperados: 38 | |
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| Yu, Li; Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| A long-standing puzzle in labor economics has been the positive relationship between wages and firm size. Even after controlling for worker's observed characteristics such as education, work experience, gender, and geographic location, a significant firm size wage effect averaging 15 percent remains. This paper investigates whether the size-wage premium on hog farms persists over time and whether the magnitude is growing or shrinking. The paper pays particular attention to the matching process by which workers are allocated to farms of different size and technology use, and whether the matching process may explain differences in wages across farms. The study relies on four surveys of employees on hog farms collected in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. The... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9991 |
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| Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| Pork production has been evolving from relatively small, family-run operations toward large-scale operations with several employees. This study uses a national survey of pork producers and their employees to answer several questions about the structure of wages and benefits in this rapidly changing labor market. The findings include: 1) wages do not differ across regions of the country but, instead, reflect differences in worker skills and firm size consistent with a nationally competitive labor market; 2) there is no evidence that large producers have market power in local labor markets that enable them to pay lower wages than competitors; 3) rather; large firms pay higher wages, offer better benefits, and safer working environments than smaller firms;... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18273 |
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| Orazem, Peter F.; Glewwe, Paul; Patrinos, Harry. |
| This paper reviews the stylized facts regarding the levels of human capital investments and the returns to those investments in developing countries. It shows that 23% of children in developing countries do not complete the fifth grade and of these, 55% started school but dropped out. We argue that eliminating dropouts is the most cost effective way to make progress on the goal of Universal Primary Education. Of the various mechanisms we can use, mechanisms that stimulate schooling demand have the strongest evidence of success to date and are the most cost effective. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7352 |
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| Dust, Andrew; Orazem, Peter F.; Wohlgemuth, Darin. |
| Using U.S. Census data from 1950 to 2000, this paper provides a framework to compare the responses of immigrant and native population growth to the economic incentives offered by rural counties in the Midwest and the South. We find that in marked contrast to urban immigrant populations, rural immigrants do not congregate in ethnic enclaves. Larger rural populations of immigrants do not attract more immigrants, nor do they retard growth of the young native born population. Immigrant populations are more responsive than native populations to economic incentives. The native-born population tends to respond more to growth in specific industries, while immigrant populations are more responsive to overall employment growth. Rural immigrant population growth is... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6182 |
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| Yu, Li; Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| The hypothetical distribution of multiple technology adoptions under the assumption that technologies are mutually independent is compared against the actual observed distribution of technology adoptions on hog farms. Combinations of technologies that occur with greater frequency than would occur under independence are mutually complementary technologies. Combinations that occur with less frequency are substitute technologies. This method is easily applied to simultaneous decisions regarding many technologies. We find that some technologies used in pork production are mutually substitutable for one another while others are complementary. However, as the number of bundled technologies increases, they are increasingly likely to be complementary with one... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9836 |
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| Song, Moohoun; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| Students in majors with higher average quantitative GRE scores are less likely to attend graduate school while students in majors with higher average verbal GRE scores are more likely to attend graduate school. This sorting effect means that students whose cognitive skills are associated with lower earnings at the bachelor's level are the most likely to attend graduate school. As a result, there is a substantial downward bias in estimated returns to graduate education. Correcting for the sorting effect raises estimated annualized returns to a Master's or doctoral degree from about 5% to 14.5% and 12.6% respectively. Estimated returns to professional degrees rise from 14% to 20%. These findings correspond to a large increase in relative earnings... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18207 |
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| Yu, Li; Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| Economists have long puzzled over the fact that large firms pay higher wages than small firms, even after controlling for worker's observed productive characteristics. One possible explanation has been that firm size is correlated with unobserved productive attributes which confound firm size with other productive characteristics. This study investigates the size-wage premium in the context of firms competing within a single market for a relatively homogeneous product: hogs. We pay particular attention to the matching process by which workers are linked to farms of different size and technology use, and whether the matching process may explain differences in wages across farms. The study relies on four surveys of employees on hog farms collected in 1990,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6138 |
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| Orazem, Peter F.; Kling, Elizabeth M.. |
| In developing countries, rising incomes, increased demand for more skilled labor, and government investments of considerable resources on building and equipping schools and paying teachers have contributed to global convergence in enrollment rates and completed years of schooling. Nevertheless, in many countries substantial education gaps persist between rich and poor, between rural and urban households and between males and females. To address these gaps, some governments have introduced school vouchers or cash transfers programs that are targeted to disadvantaged children. Others have initiated programs to attract or retain students by expanding school access or by setting higher teacher eligibility requirements or increasing the number of textbooks per... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7349 |
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| Artz, Georgeanne M.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| Beale codes are an important tool for examining rural urban differences in socioeconomic trends. However, as population changes, counties' designations also change over time. This feature of Beale codes is commonly overlooked by researchers, yet it has important implications for understanding rural growth. Since the fastest growing counties grow out of their rural status, use of the most recent codes excludes the most successful rural counties. Average economic performance of the countries remaining rural significantly understates the true performance of rural counties. This paper illustrates that choice of Beale code can alter conclusions regarding the relative speed of rural and urban growth across a variety of commonly used social and economic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19408 |
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| Singh, Rajesh; Orazem, Peter F.; Song, Moohoun. |
| We investigate the role of broadband access on the probability of telecommuting and whether individuals who work from home receive greater compensation. We also assess whether telecommuting differs between more- and less-densely populated areas. Telecommuting responds positively to local average commuting time and to local access to High-Speed Internet service. Differences in broadband access explain three-fourths of the gap in telecommuting between urban and rural markets. Telecommuters and other IT users do not earn significantly more than otherwise observationally comparable workers. Already highly skilled and highly paid workers are the most likely to telecommute and so they do not earn more because they telecommute. As broadband access improves in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18214 |
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| Artz, Georgeanne M.; Jackson, Rebecca; Orazem, Peter F.. |
| Over the past 35 years, meatpacking plants have moved from urban to rural areas. These plants can represent a significant share of a rural community’s employment. As a traditional employer of immigrants, these plants can also alter significantly the demographic composition of a rural community. These changes have led to numerous controversies regarding whether meatpacking plants impose social or economic costs on their host communities. This study uses comments culled from various media to identify where there exist sharp differences of opinion on how local meatpacking presence affects local language problems, social service expenses, special needs schooling and the mix of foreign- and native-born citizens. These opinions are used to formulate testable... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48529 |
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| Artz, Georgeanne M.; Orazem, Peter F.; Otto, Daniel M.. |
| We measure how local growth in meatpacking and processing affects growth in local economies, government expenditures, and crime rates from 1990-2000 in nonmetropolitan counties of 12 Midwestern States. Propensity score matching is used as a check on possible non-random placement of meatpacking and processing plants. Results suggest that as the meat packing industry's share of a county's total employment and wage bill rises, total employment growth increases. However, employment growth in other sectors slows, as does local wage growth. There is some evidence that slower wage growth swamps the employment growth so that aggregate income grows more slowly. We find no evidence that growth in the industry changes the growth rates for crime or government... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18219 |
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| Gunnarsson, Louise Victoria; Orazem, Peter F.; Sanchez, Mario; Verdisco, Aimee. |
| Using data on primary schools in 10 Latin-American countries, we estimate the impact of decentralized school decision-making on student performance. We develop a model that shows that local autonomous effort will be jointly determined with student academic performance. The model predicts that least squares estimates are biased toward finding a positive impact of school autonomy on student performance. Empirical tests confirm these predictions. Least squares estimates show a strong positive effect of decentralized decision-making on test scores, but these results are reversed after correcting for the endogeneity of school autonomy. However, results support the role of parental participation in the schools as a positive influence on student achievement. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18220 |
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| Registros recuperados: 38 | |
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