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| Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James L.; Morris, Saul Sutkover; Maxwell, Daniel G.; Oshaug, Arne; Engle, Patrice L.; Menon, Purnima; Slack, Alison; Haddad, Lawrence James. |
| No developing country can afford to ignore the shift in the locus of poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition from rural to urban areas it is now experiencing. This review of recent literature explores the urban face of food and nutrition security in a more comprehensive, integrated way than most previous efforts. The review is organized around a conceptual framework that identifies food insecurity, inadequate caring behaviors, and poor health as the primary causes of malnutrition. It discusses current knowledge in eight areas that require the special attention of policymakers, development practitioners, and program administrators who wish to improve urban food and nutrition security: • the sources and cost of food; • incomes and employment; • urban... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94860 |
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| Haddad, Lawrence James; Oshaug, Arne. |
| Food as a human right was first laid down 50 years ago in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The last 10 years, in particular, have witnessed an increased recognition of the importance of the human rights approach for designing policies and interventions that promote food and nutrition security, as evidenced by the highly visible role given to human rights at the 1996 World Food Summit. But, given that the design of effective policies and interventions is based on good analysis and information, what are the implications of the human rights approach for the food and nutrition policy research agenda? This is the question we address in this paper. We note several implications of the human rights perspective in terms of (1) new research areas, (2) new... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94855 |
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| Hatloy, Anne; Oshaug, Arne. |
| Human milk is a food that meets all conditions for an infant's nutrition security and is the most important food for more than 10 percent of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa (children less than three years of age). Statistics on production of human milk at local and national levels are lacking for Africa. In this paper, the quantity of human milk production in Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe is estimated. The annual production in the urban and rural areas in a county in Mali is estimated at 13 and 17 kilograms per capita, respectively. National annual median production is estimated to be between 144,000 (Mali) and 1.3 million metric tons (Nigeria), and production per capita between 8 (Zimbabwe) and 15 kilograms per year (Mali). In Sub-Saharan... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Food Security; Human Nutrition; Public health; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97292 |
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