SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Patterson, Paul M.; Richards, Timothy J..

Contracting directly between produce shippers and retailers is growing in importance. Retailers seek to obtain reliable supplies, while reducing their reliance on recurring market transactions. Producers seek stable prices and market access. These private transactions diminish spot market liquidity and enhance noncompetitive buying opportunities, raising concerns over the resulting impact on grower prices, whether under contract or not, and the future produce market structure. Primary data are used to test hypotheses on contract participation. Simulations on grower prices reveal that contract prices are generally lower, but less variable, than market prices, suggesting a form of risk sharing.

NEW VARIETIES AND THE RETURNS TO COMMODITY PROMOTION: THE CASE OF FUJI APPLES

Palavras-chave: Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20534

Advertising and Retail Promotion of Washington Apples: A Structural Latent Variable Approach to Promotion Evaluation

The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types of promotion is used to estimate the effect of generic and variety specific promotion, as well as consumer experience, on the demand for Fuji apples. Estimates show each to have a positive impact, and also show new or speciality apple varieties to be relatively price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns to promotion are calculated with an equilibrium displacement model of price changes and producer surplus. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit: cost ratio of 6.33:1.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31339

Richards, Timothy J.; Gao, Xiaoming; Patterson, Paul M..

"Commodity promotion" consists of many activities, each designed to contribute to a consumer's product knowledge or influence tastes. However, both knowledge and tastes are unobservable, or latent, variables influencing demand. This paper specifies a dynamic structural model of fresh fruit demand that treats promotion and other socioeconomic variables as "causal" variables influencing these latent variables. Estimating this state-space model using a Kalman filter approach provides estimates of both the system parameters and a latent variable series. The results show that these latent effects contribute positively to apple and other fruit consumption, while reducing banana consumption.

State-Grown Promotion Programs: Fresher, Better?

Palavras-chave: Commodity promotion; Demand system; DYMIMIC; Fresh fruit; Kalman filter; LA/AIDS; Latent variables; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28547

NATIVE AMERICAN OBESITY: AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF THE THRIFTY GENE THEORY

Patterson, Paul M..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94433

Native American obesity and the associated health conditions are generally thought to result in part from a genetic predisposition to overeating fats and carbohydrates, called the "thrifty gene." Although coined by nutritional scientists, this study maintains the origin of the thrifty gene lies in economics. Apparently harmful overconsumption and addiction constitute economically rational behavior if the increment to current utility from adding to one's stock of "consumption capital" is greater than the present value of utility lost in the future due to ill health and the costs of withdrawal. Tests of these conditions for such "rational addiction" are conducted using two-stage household production approach. The results obtained by estimating this model...

Impact of Depreciating Exchange Rate on U.S. Produce Trade

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36208

Acharya, Ram N.; Patterson, Paul M..

This study examines the impact of depreciating exchange rate on U.S. fresh produce trade. The short run analysis does not support J-curve hypothesis but the overall results are consistent with the modified version of the hypothesis that devaluation would initially deteriorate the trade balance but improve it in the long run.

NEW VARIETIES AND THE RETURNS TO COMMODITY PROMOTION: WASHINGTON FUJI APPLES

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19492

The Fugi apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. Estimates show each to have a positive impact. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit-cost ratio of 11.98.

Fast Food, Addiction, and Market Power

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20784

Richards, Timothy J.; Patterson, Paul M.; Hamilton, Stephen F..

Many attribute the rise in obesity since the early 1980's to the overconsumption of fast food. A dynamic model of a different-product industry equilibrium shows that a firm with market power will price below marginal cost in a steady-state equilibrium. A spatial hedonic pricing model is used to test whether fast food firms set prices in order to exploit their inherent addictiveness. The results show that firms price products dense in addictive nutrients below marginal cost, but price products high in nonaddictive nutrients higher than would be the case in perfect competition.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Addiction; Brand loyalty; Fast food; Generalized method of moments; Hedonic pricing; Nutrients; Shadow values; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7077

New Varieties and the Returns to Commodity Promotion: Washington Fuji Apples

The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types of promotion is used to estimate the effect of generic and variety specific promotion, as well as consumer experience, on the demand for Fuji apples. Estimates show each to have a positive impact, and also show new or specialty apple varieties to be relatively price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns to promotion are calculated with an equilibrium displacement model of price changes and producer surplus. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit:cost ratio of 14.73....

A Bilateral Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: U.S. and Canada

Palavras-chave: Apple demand; Experience; LAIDS; New products; Producer surplus; Promotion; Varieties.; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28541

Many public programs promote diets rich in fruits and vegetables based on evidence on the derived health benefits. Sill, produce consumption in the U.S. lags behind other nations, even its most culturally similar neighborCanada. This study uses a structural latent variable model to test the role quality and health information play in explaining observed differences in produce consumption. The Alchian-Allen effect predicts that higher quality, higher absolute margin produce will be exported, suggesting that quality may be an important demand factor in importing nations such as Canada. The results show that dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality also promotes fruit consumption in Canada.

HEALTH, FOOD SAFETY AND MEAT DEMAND

Palavras-chave: Alchian-Allen effect; Fruit and vegetable trade; Health information; Produce quality; Latent variable; MIMIC model; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28538

Flake, Oliver L.; Patterson, Paul M..

For nearly two decades, the U.S. beef industry has faced a long term structural change, which has resulted in consumers shifting from beef to chicken. This shift has occurred due to consumer concerns on cholesterol consumption. More recently, this industry has confronted new challenges on the safety of beef, due to the potential presence of biological contaminants. This study incorporates a measure on food safety with a measure on health information in a meat demand system. Beef safety information is found to have a modest impact on beef demand, but is dominated by health information.

Spatial Competition and Private Labels

Palavras-chave: Meat demand; Health; Food safety; LA/AIDS; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21648

Richards, Timothy J.; Hamilton, Stephen F.; Patterson, Paul M..

Private labels, also known as store brands, are an important component of competitive strategy among multi-product retailers, as they can increase retailers’ power over suppliers in the vertical channel or facilitate horizontal differentiation among retailers. This paper seeks to identify the relative importance of each role, conditional on the location of both private labels and national brands of ice cream in attribute space. We find that retailers’ share of the total margin (retail price less production cost) is higher for private labels than national brands when retailers choose to imitate national brands with their own offerings.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Multi-product oligopoly; Nested logit; Private labels; Retailing; Spatial modeling; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93207

RESTAURANT DINER'S ATTITUDES AND RESPONSES TO A HEALTHY DINING CAMPAIGN

Acharya, Ram N.; Patterson, Paul M.; Schmitz, Troy G.; Foerster, Susan B.; Hill, Esther; Jones, Anita; Bohm, Erica.

This study examines the impact of a healthy dining campaign on consumer's menu choices. Four restaurant chains operating in the greater San Diego area participated in the "Treat Yourself Well" (TYW) campaign. Menu entrees, which contain at least 2 servings of fruits and/or vegetables and less than 30% calories from fat or less than 20 gram of fat, were identified as healthy items and promoted. The study area was divided into experimental and control region and various promotional activities including paid advertising, public relations, networking with health providers, and in-restaurant and neighborhood promotions were conducted in experimental region. Consumer surveys were conducted in both experimental and control regions at the beginning and towards...

A Bilateral Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: United States and Canada

Palavras-chave: Social marketing campaign; Reminder and attitude effects; Consumer food choices; Simultaneous equation model.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19707

EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL FOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTS IN HISPANIC MARKETS

Many public programs promote diets rich in fruits and vegetables based on evidence of the derived health benefits. Still, produce consumption in the United States lags behind other nations, even its most culturally similar neighbor--Canada. This study uses a structural latent variable model to test the role played by quality and health information in explaining observed differences in produce consumption. The Alchian-Allen effect predicts that higher quality, higher absolute margin produce will be exported, suggesting quality may be an important demand factor in importing nations such as Canada. The results show that dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality also promotes fruit consumption in Canada.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Alchian-Allen effect; Fruit and vegetable trade; Health information; Latent variable; MIMIC model; Produce quality; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31217

Martinez, Samuel Cardona; Patterson, Paul M..

Evaluations on the effectiveness of state and origin branding programs remain relatively scant and generally have not focused on specific target populations, including the fastest growing group-Hispanic consumers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Arizona Grown brand and the nascent Mexico Selected Quality brand in differentiating and promoting food products in Hispanic markets. It was found that Hispanic consumers tend to view these food product brands as nearly identical in perceived quality. Furthermore, they are willing to pay nearly equal premiums for products branded as such. These consumers saw no value in country of origin information alone.

Firm-Level Competition in Price and Variety

Palavras-chave: Marketing.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20372

DYNAMIC COMPLEMENTARITY IN EXPORT PROMOTION: THE MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Consumer product manufacturers often compete in dynamic, multi-firm oligopolies using multiple strategic tools. While existing empirical models of strategic interaction typically consider only parts of the more general problem, this paper presents a more comprehensive alternative. Marketing decision are dynamically optimal, consistent with optimal consumer choice, and responsive to rival decisions. Using a single-market case study that consists of five years of four-weekly data on ready-to-eat cereal sales, prices, and new brand introductions, we test several hypotheses regarding the nature of strategic interaction among several rival manufacturers. We find that cereal manufacturers price and introduce new brands cooperatively in the same period, but...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cereal; Differentiated products; Dynamics; Oligopoly; Product line rivalry; Strategic interaction; Demand and Price Analysis; D43; L13; L66; M31; Q13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43788

To justify public subsidies for export promotion, export markets must fail to provide incentives for exporters to recognize the benefits of spillover or long-term benefits of promotion. This paper tests for these failures in dynamic dual model for horticultural export supply. Results show significant spillovers and dynamic effects.

OBESITY AND NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION: A RATIONAL ADDICTION?

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20851

Richards, Timothy J.; Patterson, Paul M.; Tegene, Abebayehu.

This study tests for a rational addiction to food nutrients as a potential explanation for the obesity epidemic. A random coefficients (mixed) logit model applied to household scanner data finds evidence of a strong, forward-looking addiction to carbohydrates. Consequently, price-based policies may be effective in controlling excessive nutrient intake.

Analysis of the Effects of a Healthy Dining Campaign on Sales of Healthy Menu Items

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20079

Patterson, Paul M.; Acharya, Ram N.; Schmitz, Troy G.; Foerster, Susan B.; Hill, Esther; Jones, Anita; Bohm, Erica.

Although so-called "Heart Healthy" menu items exist, restaurateurs rarely promote them and consumers seem to avoid them. Still, concerns over obesity and poor nutrition have become priority policy issues. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a social marketing campaign in promoting the sale of healthy menu items.

Print Advertisement Characteristics and Apple Variety Attraction: A Mimic Model Approach

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19892

Patterson, Paul M.; Richards, Timothy J..

A structural latent variable model of apple variety demand is used to analyze the effect of variety specific newspaper advertisement characteristics on variety attraction (preferences), and in turn on variety demand. The influence of advertisement size, the use of color and the Washington apple logo were analyzed. The estimated variety attraction variable is important in explaining demand. Model specifications which exclude this variable tend to understate demand elasticities. Advertisement size has a positive impact on Granny Smith, Fuji, and Gala sales. Red Delicious sales are positively influenced by color ads, but negatively affected by ads with the Washington apple logo.