SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Holden, Stein T.; Shiferaw, Bekele A.; Pender, John L..

This study analyzes how market imperfections affect land productivity in a degraded low-potential cereal- livestock economy in the Ethiopian highlands. A wide array of variables is used to control for land quality in the analysis. Results of three different selection models were compared with least squares models using the HC3 heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator. Market imperfections in labor and land markets were found to affect land productivity. Land productivity was positively correlated with household male and female labor force per unit of land. Female-headed households achieved much lower land productivity than male- headed households. Old age of household heads was also correlated with lower land productivity. Imperfections in...

Employment and the Rural Recession: Context and Spatial Variation of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Spending

Palavras-chave: Market imperfections; Land productivity; Ethiopian highlands; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16066

Marre, Alexander W.; Pender, John L.; Monchuk, Daniel C..

In December 2007 the U.S. economy entered a depression and unemployment surged to highs not seen in 30 years. The first part of this paper uses the most recently available data from BLS to examine the geography of the recession. We focus on the similarities and differences in the recession’s impact on nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties, and counties with different economic and demographic characteristics. The second part looks at the Federal response to the recession in the form of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Using publicly available data, we explore how these funds are being allocated across rural and urban counties and county classifications, and the potential implications of these funds on local rural labor markets and...

COMMUNITY NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF WOODLOTS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

Palavras-chave: Nonmetropolitan unemployment; Economic development policy; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; R58; J21.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61132

Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Pender, John L.; Tesfaye, Girmay.

This paper examines the nature of community management of woodlots and investigates the determinants of collective action and its effectiveness in managing woodlots, based on a survey of 100 villages in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. We find that collective management of woodlots generally functions well in Tigray. Despite limited current benefits received by community members, the woodlots contribute substantially to community wealth, increasing members willingness to provide collective effort to manage the woodlots. We find that benefits are greater and problems less on woodlots managed at the village level than those managed at a higher municipality level, and that the average intensity of management is greater on village-managed woodlots. Nevertheless, we...

Impact of Soil Conservation on Crop Production in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16117

Kassie, Menale; Pender, John L.; Yesuf, Mahmud; Kohlin, Gunnar; Bluffstone, Randall; Mulugeta, Elias.

Land degradation, in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion, threatens food security and the sustainability of agricultural production in many developing countries. Governments and development agencies have invested substantial resources in promoting soil conservation practices, in an effort to improve environmental conditions and reduce poverty. However, very limited rigorous empirical work has examined the economics of adopting soil conservation technology. This paper investigates the impact of stone bunds1 on crop production value per hectare in low and high rainfall areas of the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional data from more than 900 households having multiple plots per household. We use modified random effects models, stochastic...

Impacts Of Inventory Credit, Input Supply Shops, and Fertilizer Microdosing in the Drylands of Niger

Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Soil conservation; Crop production; Agro-ecology; Matching method; Stochastic dominance; Modified random effects model; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42366

Pender, John L.; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Ndjeunga, Jupiter; Gerard, Bruno; Kato, Edward.

This study investigated the impacts of access to inventory credit, input supply shops, fertilizer microdosing demonstrations, and other factors on farmers’ use of inorganic fertilizer and other inputs in Niger and on crop yields. We found that access to inventory credit and input supply shops has increased the use of inorganic fertilizer and seeds and that microdosing demonstrations have increased the use of inorganic fertilizer. Ownership of traction animals and access to off-farm employment have also contributed to the use of inorganic fertilizer, while larger farms use less fertilizer and labor per hectare. The impacts of these interventions and technologies depend on the crop mix. Inorganic fertilizer has a positive impact on millet and millet–cowpea...

STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE LAND MANAGEMENT, CROP PRODUCTION, AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE HIGHLANDS OF TIGRAY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

Palavras-chave: Fertilizer microdosing; Inventory credit; Warrantage (the French term for inventory credit); Input supply shops; Drylands; Niger; Sahel; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42328

Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Pender, John L..

This paper investigates strategies to improve land management, crop production and household income in the northern Ethiopian highlands based upon econometric analysis of household and plot level survey data collected from 500 households. We find that several profitable opportunities exist to improve land management, agricultural production and incomes.

STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS

Palavras-chave: International Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20161

Pender, John L.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Benin, Samuel; Ehui, Simeon K..

This paper investigates the impacts of population growth, market access, agricultural credit and technical assistance programs, land policies, livelihood strategies and other factors on changes in land management, natural resource conditions and human welfare indicators since 1991 in the northern Ethiopian highlands, based on a survey of 198 villages. We find that population growth has contributed significantly to land degradation, poverty and food insecurity in this region. In contrast, better market access and some credit and technical assistance programs were associated with improvement (or less decline) in land quality, wealth and food security; suggesting the possibility of "win-win-win" development outcomes with appropriate interventions. Land...

DETERMINANTS OF SOIL NUTRIENT BALANCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ADDRESSING LAND DEGRADATION AND POVERTY IN UGANDA

Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Sustainable agriculture; Population pressure; Ethiopian highlands; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16121

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Kaizzi, Crammer.

A regression model was used to investigate the determinants of soil nutrient depletion in Uganda. The major determinants of soil nutrient balances are household endowments, access to markets, and extension services, non-farm activities and agricultural potential. The results suggest the need to address soil nutrient depletion using multi-sectoral approaches.

LINKAGES BETWEEN POVERTY AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN RURAL UGANDA: EVIDENCE FROM THE UGANDA NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, 1999/00

Palavras-chave: Farm Management.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20279

Pender, John L.; Ssewanyana, Sarah N.; Edward, Kato; Nkonya, Ephraim M..

This study investigates the impacts of rural poverty on farmers' land management decisions, crop production and incomes, based upon analysis of data from the 1999/2000 Uganda National Household Survey. We find that the impacts of rural poverty on land management, crop production and income depend upon the type of poverty (i.e., what asset or access factor is constrained) and the type of land management considered. Ugandan households that are poorer in terms of access to land use labor more intensively and are less likely to use several land management practices and inputs, though among households that do use non-labor inputs, land-poor households use many of these inputs more intensively. As a result, land-poor households obtain higher value of crop...

IMPACTS OF LAND RESDISTRIBUTION ON LAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS

Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land management; Rural poverty; Land degredation; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60329

Pender, John L.; Benin, Samuel.

The increasing problem of landlessness in Ethiopia has put pressure on regional governments to redistribute land. In 1997 and 1998, a major land redistribution was undertaken in the Amhara region, reducing landlessness where implemented. While the impacts of such redistributions have been hotly debated, little empirical evidence exists concerning the actual impacts of this redistribution. We find that the recent land redistribution in Amhara has had a positive impact on land productivity, by increasing access to land of farmers who are more interested or able to use purchased inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds. Our results, however, do not show much effect of the recent land redistribution or expectations of future redistribution on land...

Strategies for Sustainable Land Management and Poverty Reduction in Uganda

Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20701

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Pender, John L.; Jagger, Pamela; Sserunkuuma, Dick; Kaizzi, Crammer; Ssali, Henry.

Poverty reduction is one of the overarching objectives of most of Sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income countries. Accordingly, one of IFPRI’s major research themes focuses on policies and strategies for poverty reduction. This research report contributes knowledge to that theme. It also contributes to IFPRI’s ongoing investigation of policies and strategies that foster broad-based and environmentally sustainable agricultural and rural development. In Uganda, where soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients are widespread, land degradation is a major cause of declining productivity and increasing poverty. In this study, Ephraim Nkonya and his colleagues measure the relative merits of various household income strategies and land management practices in...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Land use; Government policy; Uganda; Food supply; Poor; Nutrition; Agriculture and state; Land capability for agriculture; Data processing; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37897

Agricultural Technology Choices for Poor Farmers in Less-Favored Areas of South and East Asia

Pender, John L..

During the past several decades dramatic improvement has occurred in agricultural productivity and livelihoods in South and East Asia, stimulated by the Green Revolution and supported by several other factors. Nevertheless, hundreds of millions of rural people in less-favored environments of this region still live in poverty and received limited benefit from the Green Revolution. To address these problems, alternative technological approaches to the conventional Green Revolution technologies are being advocated to address the problems of poor farmers in less-favored areas of Asia, including low external input and sustainable agricultural approaches, organic agriculture and biotechnology. This paper reviews the literature on agricultural technology options...

Impacts of Cash Crop Production on Land Management and Land Degradation: The Case of Coffee and Cotton in Uganda

Palavras-chave: Agricultural technologies; Low-external input and sustainable agriculture; Organic farming; Biotechnology; Less favored areas; Rural poverty; South and East Asia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42404

Pender, John L.; Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Kato, Edward; Kaizzi, Crammer; Ssali, Henry.

We investigate the impacts of coffee and cotton production on land management and land degradation in Uganda, based on a survey of 851 households and soil measurements in six major agro-ecological zones, using matching and multivariate regression methods. The impacts of cash crop production vary by agro-ecological zones and cropping system. In coffee producing zones, use of organic inputs is most common on plots growing coffee with other crops (mainly bananas), and least common on mono-cropped coffee. Both mono-cropped coffee and mixed coffee plots have lower soil erosion than other plots in coffee producing zones because of greater soil cover. Potassium depletion is much greater on mixed banana-coffee plots. In the cotton production zone, few land...

Rural development policies and sustainable land use in the hillside areas of Honduras: a quantitative livelihoods approach

Palavras-chave: Land management; Land degradation; Soil nutrient depletion; Soil erosion; Agricultural commercialization; Cash crops; Uganda; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q13; Q16; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50760

Jansen, Hans G.P.; Pender, John L.; Damon, Amy L.; Schipper, Robert A..

Promising ways of promoting sustainable development in less-favored areas have long been a focus of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Hillside areas are an important facet of less-favored areas because they often have limited biophysical potential and attract limited public investment. As a result, poverty, low agricultural productivity, and natural resource degradation tend to be interrelated problems in such areas. In Honduras, poverty is deep and widespread, and this is especially the case in the hillside areas— home to one-third of the country’s population. The majority of these people earn their living through agriculture, as either smallholders or farm laborers. Rural poverty in the hillsides results primarily from unequal...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Honduras; Rural development; Government policy; Hill farming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37883

Disaster Relief through the Tax Code: Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf Opportunity Zone

Williamson, James M.; Pender, John L..

Palavras-chave: This project investigates the impact of geo-graphically targeted Federal tax relief enacted in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. To facilitate administration of relief efforts and define eligibility for the temporary tax law changes; The Gulf Opportunity Zone (GO Zone) was created. We estimate the initial impacts of these tax incentives using propensity score matching (PSM) and Mahalanobis metric matching (MM) methods; Combined with difference-in-difference (DD) estimation; To limit the confounding influences of observable and fixed unobservable differences between counties affected by these incentives and similarly storm-damaged counties in the region that were not included in the GO Zone. Results show that per capita personal income and net earnings increased more rapidly in GO Zone counties that experienced minimal storm damage than in similar non-GO Zone counties in the GO Zone States and neighboring States.; Public Economics; H2; H24; H25.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103578

Economic Development Impacts of Wind Turbine Development in U.S. Counties

Brown, Jason P.; Hoen, Ben; Lantz, Eric; Pender, John L.; Wiser, Ryan.

Replaced with revised version of poster 07/07/11.

Determinants of land use change: evidence from a community study in Honduras

Palavras-chave: Wind turbine; Propensity score matching; Spatial lag model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q21; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103437

Bergeron, Gilles; Pender, John L..

This study investigates the micro-determinants of land use change using community, household and plot histories, an ethnographic method that constructs panel data from systematic oral recalls. A 20-year historical timeline (1975-1995) is constructed for the village of La Lima in central Honduras, based on a random sample of 97 plots. Changes in land use are examined using transition analysis and multinomial logit analysis. Transition analysis shows that land use transitions were relatively infrequent in areas under extensive cultivation, but more so in areas of intensive cultivation; and that most changes favored intensification. Econometric analysis suggests that land use intensification was influenced by plot level variables (especially altitude, slope,...

Impacts of the Hutan Kamasyarakatan Social Forestry Program in the Sumberjaya Watershed, West Lampung District of Sumatra, Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Honduras; Land use; Econometrics--Case studies; Horticultural products; Land management; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97464

Pender, John L.; Suyanto, S.; Kerr, John M.; Kato, Edward.

This paper investigates the impacts of a social forestry program in Indonesia, Hutan Kamasyarakatan (HKm), based on analysis of a survey of 640 HKm and comparable non-HKm plots in the Sumberjaya watershed of southern Sumatra, and of the households operating those plots. The HKm program provides groups of farmers with secure-tenure permits to continue farming on state Protection Forest land and in exchange for protecting remaining natural forestland, planting multistrata agroforests, and using recommended soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on their coffee plantations. Using farmers’ perceptions, econometric techniques, and propensity score matching, we investigated the impacts of the HKm program on perceived land tenure security, land purchase...

Impacts of Inventory Credit, Input Supply Shops and Fertilizer Micro-Dosing in the Drylands of Niger

Palavras-chave: Rewards for environmental services; Land tenure contracts; Social forestry; Indonesia; Impact assessment; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42321

Pender, John L.; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Ndjeunga, Jupiter; Gerard, Bruno; Edward, Kato.

This study investigates the impacts of access to inventory credit (warrantage), input supply shops, fertilizer micro-dosing demonstrations, and other factors on farmers' use of inorganic and organic fertilizer in Niger, and the impacts on crop yields. We find that access to warrantage and input shops and participation in fertilizer micro-dosing demonstrations have increased use of inorganic fertilizer. Access to off-farm employment and ownership of traction animals also contribute to use of inorganic fertilizer. Use of organic fertilizer is less affected by these factors, but is substantially affected by the household's crop mix, access to the plot, ownership of durable assets, labor and land endowments, and participation in farmers' associations. Land...

From the Ground Up: Impacts of a Pro-Poor Community-Driven Development Project in Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25643

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Yahaya, Muhammed Kuta; Adebowale, Gbenga; Arokoyo, Tunji; Kato, Edward.

The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the...