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| Van Dover, C. L.; Arnaud-haond, Sophie; Gianni, M.; Helmreich, S.; Huber, J. A.; Jaeckel, A. L.; Metaxas, A.; Pendleton, L. H.; Petersen, S.; Ramirez-llodra, E.; Steinberg, P. E.; Tunnicliffe, V.; Yamamoto, H.. |
| There is increasing interest in mining minerals on the seabed, including seafloor massive sulfide deposits that form at hydrothermal vents. The International Seabed Authority is currently drafting a Mining Code, including environmental regulations, for polymetallic sulfides and other mineral exploitation on the seabed in the area beyond national jurisdictions. This paper summarizes 1) the ecological vulnerability of active vent ecosystems and aspects of this vulnerability that remain subject to conjecture, 2) evidence for limited mineral resource opportunity at active vents, 3) non-extractive values of active vent ecosystems, 4) precedents and international obligations for protection of hydrothermal vents, and 5) obligations of the International Seabed... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Polymetallic sulfides; Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS); International Seabed Authority (ISA); Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME); Precautionary approach; Deep-sea conservation. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00425/53627/54454.pdf |
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| Escartin, J.; Mevel, C.; Petersen, S.; Bonnemains, D.; Cannat, M.; Andreani, M.; Augustin, N.; Bezos, A.; Chavagnac, V.; Choi, Y.; Godard, M.; Haaga, K.; Hamelin, C.; Ildefonse, B.; Jamieson, J.; John, B.; Leleu, T.; Macleod, C. J.; Massot-campos, M.; Nomikou, P.; Olive, J. A.; Paquet, M.; Rommevaux, C.; Rothenbeck, M.; Steinfuhrer, A.; Tominaga, M.; Triebe, L.; Campos, R.; Gracias, N.; Garcia, R.. |
| Microbathymetry data, in-situ observations, and sampling along the 13°20'N and 13°20'N oceanic core complexes (OCCs) reveal mechanisms of detachment fault denudation at the seafloor, links between tectonic extension and mass wasting, and expose the nature of corrugations, ubiquitous at OCCs. In the initial stages of detachment faulting and high angle fault scarps show extensive mass-wasting that reduces their slope. Flexural rotation further lowers scarp slope, hinders mass wasting, resulting in morphologically complex chaotic terrain between the breakaway and the denuded corrugated surface. Extension and drag along the fault plane uplifts a wedge of hangingwall material (apron). The detachment surface emerges along a continuous moat that sheds rocks and... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00376/48702/49049.pdf |
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| Petersen, S.; Axelsen, J.A.; Tybirk, K.; Aude, E.; Vestergaard, P.. |
| Enrichment of biological diversity is assumed to reflect good ecosystem integrity. The aim of the study presented here was primarily to observe, whether organic dairy farming increases the biological diversity of field boundary vegetation when compared to conventional dairy farming. Secondly, the aim was to consider if increasing duration of the organic farming period also increases diversity. Thirdly, ecological interpretations of the data were given by comparing organic and conventional field boundaries in terms of general vegetation community patterns. The results documented that diversity of plant species was significantly higher within the organic field boundaries. Analysis of community patterns revealed that Ruderal species and species with... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/3589/1/3589.pdf |
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