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Newsholme,P.; Lima,M.M.R.; Procopio,J.; Pithon-Curi,T.C.; Doi,S.Q.; Bazotte,R.B.; Curi,R.. |
Glucose is widely accepted as the primary nutrient for the maintenance and promotion of cell function. This metabolite leads to production of ATP, NADPH and precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules such as nucleic acids and phospholipids. We propose that, in addition to glucose, the 5-carbon amino acids glutamine and glutamate should be considered to be equally important for maintenance and promotion of cell function. The functions of glutamine/glutamate are many, i.e., they are substrates for protein synthesis, anabolic precursors for muscle growth, they regulate acid-base balance in the kidney, they are substrates for ureagenesis in the liver and for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, they act as an oxidative fuel for the intestine and cells of the... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Glutamine; Glutamate; Glucose; Metabolism; Cell function. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000200002 |
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Procopio,J.. |
The influence of voltage on the conductance of toad skin was studied to identify the time course of the activation/deactivation dynamics of voltage-dependent Cl- channels located in the apical membrane of mitochondrion-rich cells in this tissue. Positive apical voltage induced an important conductance inhibition which took a few seconds to fully develop and was instantaneously released by pulse inversion to negative voltage, indicating a short-duration memory of the inhibiting factors. Sinusoidal stimulation at 23.4 mM [Cl-] showed hysteresis in the current versus voltage curves, even at very low frequency, suggesting that the rate of voltage application was also relevant for the inhibition/releasing effect to develop. We conclude that the voltage... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Cl- channel; Toad skin; Voltage modulation; Epithelia. |
Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000800018 |
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