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| Registros recuperados: 50 | |
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| Ruel, Marie T.; Bouis, Howarth E.. |
| Because trace minerals are important not only for human nutrition, but for plant nutrition as well, plant breeding holds great promise for making a significant low-cost and sustainable contribution to reducing micronutrient deficiencies in humans, and may have important spinoff effects for increasing farm productivity in developing countries in an environmentally beneficial way. This paper describes ongoing plant breeding research that could increase the intake of bioavailable zinc from food staple crops among vulnerable populations in developing countries. The three most promising plant breeding strategies to achieve this goal are (1) increasing the concentration of zinc in the plant, (2) reducing the amount of phytic acid (a strong inhibitor of zinc... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Human Nutrition; Minerals; Planting Breeding; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97295 |
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| Ruel, Marie T.; Menon, Purnima. |
| Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for five Latin American countries (seven data sets) were used to explore the feasibility of creating a composite feeding index and to examine the association between feeding practices and child height-for- age (HAZ). Urban/rural differences were also examined. The data sets used were Bolivia, 1994 and 1998; Colombia, 1995; Guatemala, 1995 and 1999; Nicaragua, 1998; and Peru, 1996. The variables used to create the index were: breastfeeding (whether the mother is currently breastfeeding the child); use of baby bottles in the previous 24 hours; dietary diversity (whether the child received selected food groups in the previous 24 hours); food group frequency (how many days the child received selected food... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16452 |
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| Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Hallman, Kelly K.; Ruel, Marie T.. |
| This study analyzes work, childcare arrangements, and earnings of mothers in the poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City and Greater Accra, Ghana, two urban areas where formal-and informal-sector work differ in importance. Unlike previous studies on childcare that take mother’s work status as given, this paper treats childcare choice and labor force participation of women as joint decisions. Our empirical results indicate that participation in the labor market and use of formal day care are, in fact, jointly determined. In both Guatemala and Accra, life cycle and household demographic factors, notably child age, appear to have important effects on both decisions. In both cities, higher household wealth reduces the mothers’ chances of working, presumably via... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16444 |
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| Garrett, James L.; Ruel, Marie T.. |
| Objective: This paper explores the global prevalence of an emerging phenomenon-the coexistence of a stunted child and an overweight mother in the same household. It also tests whether this phenomenon is associated with a country's level of economic development and urbanization. Policy directions for public nutrition are highlighted. Design: Data from 36 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used (23 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, and 5 in Asia). Stunting was defined as height-for-age < - 2 SD of the reference population and maternal overweight as a body mass index (BMI) of > 25 kg/m2. World Bank and United Nations figures were used for GNP per capita (our indicator of economic development) and for level of urbanization, respectively. Descriptive... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16442 |
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| Hallman, Kelly K.; Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Ruel, Marie T.; de la Briere, Benedicte. |
| This study investigates the effects of childcare on work and earnings of mothers in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City. Recognizing that mother’s work status may depend on the availability of childcare, decisions to participate in the labor force and to use formal day care are modeled to allow for the possibility that they may be jointly determined. We then explore the impact of childcare prices on mother’s earnings, conditional on her decision to work. Also explored is whether a mother’s “status” within her household (as measured by the value of the assets she brought to her marriage) influences her entry into the labor force. The study uses a survey of 1,363 randomly selected mothers (working and nonworking) with preschool children collected in 1999 by... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16421 |
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| Arimond, Mary; Ruel, Marie T.. |
| Summary indicators for measuring and assessing infant and child feeding practices are needed for research, communication and advocacy, and program evaluation. This paper reports on progress in developing a summary measure of infant and child feeding practices that addresses the following two challenges: infant and child feeding is multidimensional, and appropriate practices vary by age of the child. Much previous research in the area of infant and child feeding has focused on single practices over a narrow age range and so has not addressed the determinants and impact of adequate or optimal infant and child feeding. Using data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, an infant and child feeding index is constructed, summarizing a range of key... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16388 |
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| Smith, Lisa C.; Ruel, Marie T.; Ndiaye, Aida. |
| While ample evidence documents that urban children generally have better nutritional status than their rural counterparts, recent research suggests that urban malnutrition is on the rise. The environment, choices, and opportunities of urbanites differ greatly from those of rural dwellers--from employment conditions to social and family networks to access to health care and other services. Given these differences, understanding the relative importance of the various determinants of child malnutrition in urban and rural areas--and especially whether they differ--is key to designing context-relevant, effective program and policy responses for stemming malnutrition. This study uses Demographic and Health Survey data from 36 developing countries to address the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16441 |
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| Maxwell, Daniel G.; Levin, Carol E.; Armar-Klemesu, Margaret; Ruel, Marie T.; Morris, Saul Sutkover; Ahiadeke, Clement. |
| The rapid growth of cities in developing countries in recent years has given rise to wide-spread and increasing urban poverty, raising questions about how the urban poor cope with the special challenges they face. How do they earn their livelihoods? How does the urban environment affect food security and nutrition and the ability of the urban poor to care for their children? Which groups are most vulnerable, and what can be done to reduce vulnerability? Urban Livelihoods and Food and Nutrition Security in Greater Accra, Ghana, Research Report 112, offers a compelling case study of the impact of urban life on the livelihoods, food security, and nutritional status of the poor in Accra. The authors use a mix of qualitative information and detailed household... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16538 |
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| Ruel, Marie T.. |
| Although dietary diversity is universally recognized as a key component of healthy diets, there is still a lack of consensus on how to measure and operationalize it. This paper focuses on the issues of dietary diversity in developing countries. It also draws upon experience from developed countries to address the following questions: 1. How is dietary diversity conceptualized, operationalized, and measured, and how does it relate operationally to dietary quality? 2. Is there an association between dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in developing countries? Between dietary diversity and child growth? 3. What is the relationship between household-level dietary diversity and socioeconomic factors and food security? 4. What key measurement issues need to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16386 |
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| von Braun, Joachim; Ahmed, Akhter U.; Asenso-Okyere, Kwadwo; Fan, Shenggen; Gulati, Ashok; Hoddinott, John; Pandya-Lorch, Rajul; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Ruel, Marie T.; Torero, Maximo; van Rheenen, Teunis; von Grebmer, Klaus. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48293 |
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| Registros recuperados: 50 | |
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