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| Ellison, J. A.; Johnson, S. R.; Kuzmina, N. K.; Gilbert, A. T.; Carson, W. C.; Blanton, J. D.; VerCauteren, K.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Zoonotic disease surveillance is typically initiated after an animal pathogen has caused disease in humans. Early detection of potentially high-risk pathogens within animal hosts may facilitate medical interventions to cope with an emerging disease. To effectively spillover to a novel host, a pathogen may undergo genetic changes resulting in varying transmission potential in the new host and potentially to humans. Rabies virus (RABV) is one model pathogen to consider for studying the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases under both laboratory and field conditions. The evolutionary history of RABV is characterized by regularly documented spillover infections and a series of notable host-shifts. Within this context, enhanced field surveillance to improve... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3164 |
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| Bass, J. M.; Petersen, B. W.; Mehal, J. M.; Blanton, J. D.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Clinical diagnosis of human rabies is challenging in the United States (U.S.) due to the rarity of human cases, non-specific symptoms, and infrequent attainment of a potential exposure history. The traditional presentations of rabies, furious and paralytic, are reported in regions of endemic canine rabies, but have not been systematically characterized among rabies cases in the U.S. This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics of patients in the U.S. that are associated with rabies to aid in diagnosis and surveillance. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/233 |
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| Taylor, S. T.; Ellison, J. A.; Franka, R.; Marissen, W. E.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Rabies is an acute progressive encephalitis responsible for over 55,000 human fatalities each year. This zoonosis is preventable, if prompt medical intervention includes wound care and both active and passive immunization. Approximately 10 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. The World Health Organization recommends the administration of human and/or equine derived antirabies immune globulin (HRIG and ERIG) as well as cell culture vaccine for modern PEP in humans. However, in many developing regions where canine rabies is enzootic, alternative solutions for passive immunization are necessary due to the cost prohibitive, limited supply of HRIG and ERIG. Such disparities have prompted the development of anti-RABV monoclonal... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/246 |
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| Osinubi, M. O. V.; Recuenco, S.; Kuzmin, I.; Haberling, D. L.; Blau, D. M.; Davis, L. B.; Ehimiyein, A. M.; Ogunkoya, A. B.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Among the currently recognized species in the Lyssavirus genus worldwide, all but one (Mokola virus) has been identified in bats. Recent discovery of emerging pathogens of zoonotic importance in bats raises concerns about health risks of populations that directly or indirectly come in contact with these diverse mammals. Idanre, an ancient city situated in Southwest Nigeria, conducts a unique bat festival twice annually, where the populations have traditional practices that involve capturing and consuming bats. These activities bring them into direct contact with bats that are important not only because of potential exposure to lyssaviruses, but also to other emerging pathogens. A knowledge, attitude and practices survey was developed and administered to... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3165 |
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| Smith, T. G.; Ellison, J. A.; Carson, W. C.; Ma, X.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Vaccine potency testing is necessary to evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated rabies virus (RABV) vaccine preparations before human or veterinary application. Currently, the NIH test is recommended by the WHO expert committee to evaluate intra- and inter-lot variation of RABV vaccines; however, numerous disadvantages are inherent concerning cost, number of animals and biosafety requirements. As such, numerous in vitro methods (e.g. antigen-capture ELISA) have been proposed for the evaluation of vaccines based on RABV glycoprotein (G) quality and quantity which correlates with vaccine potency. In this study an antigen-capture electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay was developed utilizing three murine anti-RABV G monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to quantify... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3154 |
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| Dyer, J.; Blanton, J. D.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| During 2011, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,031 rabid animals representing a 1.9% decrease from the 6,153 rabid animals reported in 2010. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,981 raccoons (32.8%), 1,627 skunks (27.0%), 1,380 bats (22.9%), 427 foxes (7.1%), 303 cats (5.0%), 65 cattle (1.1%), and 70 dogs (1.2%). Compared to 2010, a significant increase was reported among rabid skunks. Canine rabies virus transmission has been eliminated in the United States since 2004 and monitoring the rabies virus variant associated with rabid domestic animals is critical. We evaluated rabies diagnostic submission data for the US from 2008-2011 for reported rabid dogs, cats and coyotes. A total of 1,546 rabid cats, dogs and coyotes... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/2533 |
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| Kuzmina, N.; Ellison, J.; Orciari, L.; Marissen, W.; Kuzmin, I.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| The demand for rabies immune globulin (RIG) for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is significant. Unfortunately, the cost of RIG is prohibitive for many patients in developing countries. Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which neutralize rabies virus (RABV) have been proposed as a replacement for conventional RIG due to the ability of their large-scale production at a reduced cost. In the present study, we generated 487 RABV glycoprotein (G) sequences from a variety of viral lineages, and supplemented the dataset with 154 complete and 115 partial G sequences available in GenBank. The objective was to evaluate variability of known MAb-binding epitopes on the G, which may preclude virus neutralization. The analysis demonstrated that binding site of MAb CR57... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/247 |
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| Marissen, W. E.; Niezgoda, M.; Ellison, J.; Franka, R.; Kuzmina, N.; Kusmin, I.; Taylor, T.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| The currently recommended prophylaxis for individuals exposed to rabies virus is the combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin (RIG). However, limited supply hampers the availability of RIG, particularly in enzootic areas. To circumvent the global RIG limitation we aimed to develop a human monoclonal antibody combination, CL184, for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) that would replace the plasma origin RIG. CL184 consists of two human IgG1 mAbs, CR57 and CR4098, which are directed against non-overlapping rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein epitopes. Previously, we have shown that the in vitro breadth of neutralization of CL184 against a large panel of street RV of various animal origins as well as in vivo protection by CL184 in a... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/249 |
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| Vora, N. M.; Blanton, J. D.; Holman, R.; Mehal, J.; Petersen, B. W.; Recuenco, S.; Track, D.; Rupprecht, C.. |
| Encephalitis is a severe neurologic syndrome caused by a variety of infectious and noninfectious pathologies. In many instances a definitive etiology of encephalitis is not identified, but a study of encephalitis in California found that 0.3% of cases referred for further evaluation to a specialized diagnostic facility (Glaser, Gilliam et al. 2003) was due to rabies. Under recognition of human rabies in the United States by healthcare providers may account for missed diagnoses of rabies. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the number of encephalitis-related deaths in the United States and the proportion due to rabies specifically. We reviewed human mortality data in the United States between 1999-2008 and identified encephalitis-associated... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/237 |
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