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| Safirova, Elena; Gillingham, Kenneth. |
| In determining the marginal cost of congestion, economists have traditionally relied upon directly measuring traffic congestion on network links, disregarding any "network effects," since the latter are difficult to estimate. While for simple networks the comparison can be done within a theoretical framework, it is important to know whether such network effects in real large-scale networks are quantitatively significant. In this paper we use a strategic transportation planning model (START) to compare marginal congestion costs computed link-by-link with measures taking into account network effects. We find that while in aggregate network effects are not significant, congestion measured on a single link is a poor predictor of total congestion costs imposed... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marginal congestion costs; Congestion pricing; Urban networks; Public Economics; R41; R48. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10675 |
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| Safirova, Elena; Gillingham, Kenneth; Parry, Ian W.H.; Nelson, Peter; Harrington, Winston; Mason, David. |
| Economists have long advocated congestion pricing as an efficient way of allocating scarce roadway capacity. However, with a few exceptions, congestion tolls are rarely used in practice and strongly opposed by the public and elected officials. Although high implementation costs and privacy issues are alleviated as appropriate technologies are developed, the concerns that congestion pricing will adversely affect low-income travelers remain. In this paper, we use a strategic transportation planning model calibrated for the Washington, DC, metropolitan area to compare the welfare and distributional effects of three pricing schemes: value pricing (HOT lanes), limited congestion pricing, and comprehensive congestion pricing. We find that social welfare gains... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Traffic congestion; Congestion pricing; Value pricing; HOT lanes; HOV lanes; Public Economics; R40; R41; R48; H23. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10697 |
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| Safirova, Elena; Walls, Margaret. |
| In this paper, we analyze the 2002 Telework Survey conducted by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). Being a relatively recent and large dataset, the survey captures the current state of telecommuting, covering the entire region with a population of 17 million residents, and is not biased by telecommuting policies of particular employees. The survey also distinguishes telecommuters from home-based business owners and therefore provides a more accurate account of the number of telecommuters. Our analysis focuses on the role of demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, ethnicity, household income, presence of children in the household and household size affect the workers' propensity to telecommute. We also look into the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; SCAG survey; Labor and Human Capital; R4; Q53; Q58. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10866 |
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| Walls, Margaret; Safirova, Elena. |
| In this paper, we review 20 relatively recent empirical studies of telecommuting, all of which focus on the trip reduction perspective. The studies include earlier ones with smaller datasets, such as some pilot studies of individual employers, and more recent studies based on broader surveys of both telecommuters and nontelecommuters. We focus on the results of the studies with respect to participation and frequency of telecommuting, the effects on vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) and trips, and in some cases, the impacts on emissions and air quality. Although there does not seem to be a consensus, there is a predominant view that certain factors increase both the likelihood of telecommuting and the frequency of telecommuting. These factors are having children... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Mode choice; Air quality; Emissions; Labor and Human Capital; R4; Q53; Q58. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10492 |
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