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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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| Salvatici, Luca; Cipollina, Maria. |
| In the international trade literature there seems to be some confusion between "openness" and "protection" measures. The aim of this paper is to bring together the "state of the art" in quantifying trade policy measures, so we focus on the extent of the protection granted by policies rather than on the degree of openness of the economy. Given the huge size of literature dealing with these issues, we limit our review as follows. On the one hand, we focus on trade policies implemented at the border: accordingly, we do not consider all the other possible public interventions influencing trade flows. On the other hand, we take into account only indexes explicitly adopting a metric expressed in a "scalar aggregate" (tariff- and quota-equivalent measures, or an... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Protection; Tariff and Non-Tariff barriers; Tariff and Non-Tariff measures.; International Relations/Trade; F13; F19. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18876 |
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| Cipollina, Maria; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The paper provides an analysis of the impact on trade of EU preferences in the agricultural sector. An explicit measure of the intensity of preference margins at the 6-digit tariff line level it is used. Moreover, the estimation framework takes into account the heterogeneity across exporters and products, as well as the potential selection bias implied by the presence of zero-trade flows. Preferences for agricultural products granted by the EU in 2004 are modeled by performing several regressions in order to compare the impact on different exporting countries and to highlight the contribution of different commodity groups. Even if the results confirm an overall positive impact of preferences on trade, significant differences emerge across products and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7219 |
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| Cipollina, Maria; Salvatici, Luca. |
| Over the time a large number of reciprocal preferential trade agreements (RTAs) have been concluded among countries. Recently many studies have used gravity equations in order to estimate the effect of RTAs on trade flows between partners. These studies report very different estimates since they differ greatly in data sets, sample sizes and independent variables used in the analysis. So, what is the "true" impact of RTAs? This paper combines, explains and summarizes a large number of results (1827 estimates included in 85 papers), using a meta-analysis (MA) approach. Notwithstanding quite a high variability, studies consistently find a positive RTAs impact on bilateral trade: the hypothesis that there is no effect of trade agreements on trade is easily and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Free trade agreements; Gravity equation; Meta-regression analysis; Publication bias; International Relations/Trade; C10; F10. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18877 |
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| Antimiani, Alessandro; Mitaritonna, Cristina; Salvatici, Luca; Santuccio, Federica. |
| In 2006 the EU decided to abandon its moratorium on negotiating new free trade agreements. Since then, numerous negotiations have been started. In particular, the EU joined in the scramble for preferential market access in Asia, starting bilateral negotiations both with individual countries, as in the case of India and South Korea, and with regional subgroupings, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In this paper, we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the effects of the possible agreements between the EU and the Asian countries. We want to evaluate the impact of the free trade agreements by themselves, their mutual compatibility as well as their relations with the larger agenda of multilateral trade... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Protection; Commercial policy; GTAP model; International trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; Q17; F17. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115420 |
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| Cipollina, Maria; Salvatici, Luca. |
| This chapter assesses the impact on trade of European Union (EU) trade policies, using a gravity model based on disaggregated trade flows from 169 developing countries (DC) to 25 EU member countries. It uses a sample selection framework to account for potential selection bias in positive trade flows and provides an explicit measure for relative preference margins. The results serve to debunk some of the most widespread criticisms of preferential policies: EU preferences matter, and have a positive impact on developing countries’ exports at the intensive margin, and an ambiguous impact at the extensive margin with significant differences across sectors. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115440 |
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| Antimiani, Alessandro; Conforti, Piero; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The article explores possible outcomes of the Doha Development Agenda by simulating agricultural liberalization scenarios with a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the related version 6.0 database. A 2013 baseline is employed to analyze two hypotheses in the areas of market access and export competition. Proportional cuts in tariffs are compared with a Swiss-formula approach. Welfare gains arise both in developed and developing countries, and, at least in principle, both groups should support deep reforms. Results suggest that the choice of the nature of the formula is not crucial in determining an effective increase in market access. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23889 |
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| de Muro, Pasquale; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The paper reviews the multisectoral models used in the last 10 years to analyse the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy. It begins with a presentation of the theoretical structure of computable general equilibrium models, including both single-region and multi-region models. In this respect, the paper deals with the questions of disaggregation of commodities, households, regions and factors of production, as well as the issues of parameter specification and model closure. The paper then turns to the problems of modelling policies which are included in the present CAP. Firstly, there is the issue of the linkages between institutional and market prices. Secondly, there is the issue of decoupled or semi-decoupled direct payments. Thirdly, there are... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14804 |
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| Antimiani, Alessandro; Conforti, Piero; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The paper explores an important issue in multilateral agricultural trade negotiations, namely the approach taken to reduce tariffs, simulating possible liberalization scenarios. The analysis is based on the model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), and on the related version 6.0 database. Scenarios are run on a 2013 baseline, built by taking into account a number of events that have affected (and will further affect) world agricultural markets up to that period, focusing on the effects that are specifically attributable to further trade liberalization in the Doha Round. The policy strategies analyzed are two hypothetical liberalization scenarios in terms of market access and export competition, plus a free agricultural trade benchmark scenario.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18878 |
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| Conforti, Piero; de Filippis, Fabrizio; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The paper is aimed at assessing the effects of the reforms proposed by the European Commission in July 2002 for the Mid Term Review (MTR) of Agenda 2000. The proposals are described in the framework of the long standing CAP reform process driven by political priorities such as the enlargement to the Central and Eastern European countries, the budget issues, and the ongoing WTO negotiations. The most important measures proposed are the full decoupling of direct payments, the modulation of direct payments, and changes in the support regimes for cereals and rice. Altogether, the proposals for the MTR appear substantial, especially considering the conservative attitude of the EU decision-making process. The Applied General Equilibrium model provided by the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14802 |
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| Antimiani, Alessandro; Salvatici, Luca. |
| This paper deals with the EU's trade policy with two objectives: on the one hand, we study the performance of EU's preferential agreements in granting their partners improved market access; on the other hand, we assess the extent to which domestic sectors are effectively protected. As far as the first objective is concerned, we construct bilateral indicators of protection based on the applied tariffs faced by each exporter. In order to do this, an index of trade policy restrictiveness is computed, using the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index as the tariff aggregator. We also analyze the protection granted to each sector by the existing tariff structure. In this report, we compute effective rates of protection that overcome the well-known... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Protection; Commercial policy; GTAP model; International trade; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; F17. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18856 |
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| Costantini, Valeria; Crescenzi, Riccardo; de Filippis, Fabrizio; Salvatici, Luca. |
| The paper aims at understanding the structural features of the bargaining coalitions in the Doha Round of the WTO. We provide an empirical assessment of the preferences of each negotiating actor looking at general economics indicators, development levels, structure of the agricultural sectors, and trade policies for agricultural products. Bargaining coalitions are analyzed by grouping countries through a cluster analysis procedure. The clusters are compared with existing coalitions, in order to assess their degree of internal homogeneity as well as their common interests. Such a comparison allows the detection of possible defectors, i.e. countries that according to their economic conditions and policies seem to be relatively less committed to the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12163 |
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| Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Salvatici, Luca. |
| This paper provides a summary measure of the possible new commitments in the area of market access undertaken by the European Union and the United States, using the Trade Restrictiveness Index (TRI) as the tariff aggregator. Indicators such as the TRI, based on welfare theory, integrate economic behavioural assumptions within a balance of trade framework. We take the 2000 bound tariffs as the starting point and attempt to assess how much liberalisation in agriculture could be achieved in the European Union and the United States as a result of the present negotiations. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand. The present levels of the TRI under the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International agricultural trade; Agricultural price; Income; Policy analysis; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24883 |
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| Salvatici, Luca; Carter, Colin A.; Sumner, Daniel A.. |
| In the policy arena, there is a demand for "trade distortion indicators", but many of the traditional indices are difficult to compute and interpret. Recent developments in the literature have led to a new indicator: the Trade Restrictiveness Index (TRI). This paper analyzes some problems related to the TRI's computation and interpretation. We argue that the index is theoretically well grounded and offers potential for measuring the relative importance of agricultural policy distortions. However, the name of "trade restrictiveness" index is seriously misleading, since the TRI does not provide a measure of trade flows restrictions. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21028 |
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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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