SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

The questions of the title have been considered in several ways. First, indications of the traits which make us humans were considered. Then the behavior and culture concepts were examined, and the biology and culture interactions discussed, with an emphasis on the similarities and differences between the genetic and cultural transmissions. Next diverse types of selective pressures were reviewed, and finally pessimistic and optimistic views of our future contrasted. Vigorous action against acts which lead to exclusion and discriminatory policies against human subjects is needed.

Remembering the past – studies on evolution done by the genetics group at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Palavras-chave: Biology and culture; Genetic selection; Cultural selection; Fluctuating selection; Exploratory behavior.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572012000600002

Patterns of molecular evolution in pathogenesis-related proteins

Abstract After a brief introduction about the factors that are involved in science development, and world and Brazilian evolutionary genetics, the studies developed in Porto Alegre in this area were reviewed. Four periods in the development of this group were distinguished: (a) Origins and first expansion (1949-1961); (b) Second expansion (1962-1988); (c) Third expansion (1989-2001); and (d) The last 15 years (2002-present). The international Porto Alegre Biological Evolution Workshops (PABEWs), with five biannual events from 2007 o 2015, were also mentioned. The final message stressed the importance of the maintenance of this and other Brazilian groups of research through adequate finance and recognition.

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: History; Genetics research; Evolutionary genetics; Porto Alegre; Brazil.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572018000200181

Scherer,Nicole M.; Thompson,Claudia E.; Freitas,Loreta B.; Bonatto,Sandro L.; Salzano,Francisco M..

The genes encoding 13 classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were examined for positive selection using maximum-likelihood (ML) models of codon substitution. The study involved 194 sequences from 54 species belonging to 37 genera. Although the sizes of the sequences examined varied from 237 bp for PR12 to 1,110 bp for PR7, most classes (9 out of 13) contained sequences made up of more than 400 nucleotides. Signs of positive selection were obtained for sites in PR proteins 4, 6, 8, 9 and 15 using an ML-based Bayesian method and likelihood ratio tests. These results confirm the importance of positive selection in proteins related to defense mechanisms already observed in a wide array of organisms.

The role of natural selection in human evolution – insights from Latin America

Palavras-chave: Pathogenesis-related proteins; PRs; Molecular variability; Positive selection; Maximum-likelihood methods.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572005000500001

Abstract A brief introduction considering Darwin's work, the evolutionary synthesis, and the scientific biological field around the 1970s and subsequently, with the molecular revolution, was followed by selected examples of recent investigations dealing with the selection-drift controversy. The studies surveyed included the comparison between essential genes in humans and mice, selection in Africa and Europe, and the possible reasons why females in humans remain healthy and productive after menopause, in contrast with what happens in the great apes. At the end, selected examples of investigations performed in Latin America, related to the action of selection for muscle performance, acetylation of xenobiotics, high altitude and tropical forest adaptations...

Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil

Palavras-chave: Natural selection; Human evolution; Population genetics; Human adaptation; History of genetics.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572016000300302

Guerreiro-Junior,Vanderlei; Bisso-Machado,Rafael; Marrero,Andrea; Hünemeier,Tábita; Salzano,Francisco M.; Bortolini,Maria Cátira.

Two hundred and three individuals classified as white were tested for 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus two insertion/deletions in their Y-chromosomes. A subset of these individuals (n = 172) was also screened for sequences in the first hypervariable segment of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, complementary studies were done for 11 of the 13 markers indicated above in 54 of 107 black subjects previously investigated in this southern Brazilian population. The prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroups among whites was similar to that found in the Azores (Portugal) or Spain, but not to that of other European countries. About half of the European or African mtDNA haplogroups of these individuals were related to their places of origin, but not...

Israel Roisenberg (1934-2013): a life dedicated to science

Palavras-chave: Admixture dynamics; MtDNA; Y-chromosome markers.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572009000100001

James V. Neel and Latin America - or how scientific collaboration should be conducted

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572014000100001

Demography, genetic diversity, and population relationships among Argentinean Mapuche Indians

The main events related to the life of James V. Neel, one of the most important geneticists of the last decades, are presented, especially with reference to the influence he exerted in Latin America. Documentation is provided on the field work he performed in Brazil, and on the results of the joint Ann Arbor-Porto Alegre program of research.

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572000000300010

Goicoechea,Alicia S.; Carnese,Francisco R.; Caratini,Alicia L.; Avena,Sergio; Salaberry,Maria; Salzano,Francisco M..

Fertility, mortality and migration data from four Mapuche Indian communities located along a 215-km NE-SW linear area in the Province of Río Negro, Argentina, were collated with genetic information furnished by nine blood group systems and by mtDNA haplogroups. The demographic and genetic data indicated a clear dichotomy, which split the four populations into two groups of two. Differing degrees of non-Indian exchanges was probably the main determining factor for this separation. Total genetic variability was very similar in all groups, and the interpopulational variability accounted for only 10% of the total variability. A low prevalence of the Diego(a) antigen among the Mapuche was confirmed. The fact that significant genetic heterogeneity and population...

Ribeiro's typology, genomes, and Spanish colonialism, as viewed from Gran Canaria and Colombia

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572000000300001

Bortolini,Maria Cátira; Thomas,Mark G.; Chikhi,Lourdes; Aguilar,Juan A.; Castro-De-Guerra,Dinorah; Salzano,Francisco M.; Ruiz-Linares,Andres.

Four biallelic and six multiallelic Y-chromosome polymorphisms were investigated in 59 Gran Canarian, 60 North African Berber and 46 Spanish subjects. These new data were merged with equivalent literature information to obtain the parental Y-chrosomomal contribution in Gran Canarians, Colombians, and Venezuelans. The results were then compared, for Gran Canarians and Colombians, to those derived from autosomal and mtDNA. In both groups, the Spanish Y-chromosome contribution was much more marked than that estimated using mtDNA. This analysis showed a usual trend in the Spanish Colonial history, characterized by a demographic collapse of the aboriginal population, but with considerable introgression of genes through native women. In accordance to D....

Newton Freire-Maia (1918-2003): from Boa Esperança to the world

Palavras-chave: Gran Canaria; Y-chromosome polymorphisms; Admixture.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572004000100001

High interpopulation homogeneity in Central Argentina as assessed by Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs)

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572003000300001

García,Angelina; Dermarchi,Darío A.; Tovo-Rodrigues,Luciana; Pauro,Maia; Callegari-Jacques,Sidia M.; Salzano,Francisco M.; Hutz,Mara H..

The population of Argentina has already been studied with regard to several genetic markers, but much more data are needed for the appropriate definition of its genetic profile. This study aimed at investigating the admixture patterns and genetic structure in Central Argentina, using biparental markers and comparing the results with those previously obtained by us with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the same samples. A total of 521 healthy unrelated individuals living in 13 villages of the Córdoba and San Luis provinces were tested. The individuals were genotyped for ten autosomal ancestry informative markers (AIMs). Allele frequencies were compared with those of African, European and Native American populations, chosen to represent parental contributions....

The use and limits of ITS data in the analysis of intraspecific variation in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)

Palavras-chave: AIMs; Córdoba; San Luis; Migration; Population structure.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000300324

Mäder,Geraldo; Zamberlan,Priscilla M.; Fagundes,Nelson J.R.; Magnus,Tielli; Salzano,Francisco M.; Bonatto,Sandro L.; Freitas,Loreta B..

The discovery and characterization of informative intraspecific genetic markers is fundamental for evolutionary and conservation genetics studies. Here, we used nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences to access intraspecific genetic diversity in 23 species of the genus Passiflora L. Some degree of variation was detected in 21 of these. The Passiflora and Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. subgenera showed significant differences in the sizes of the two ITS regions and in GC content, which can be related to reproductive characteristics of species in these subgenera. Furthermore, clear geographical patterns in the spatial distribution of sequence types were identified in six species. The results indicate that ITS may be a useful tool for the evaluation of intraspecific genetic...

How strong was the bottleneck associated to the peopling of the Americas? New insights from multilocus sequence data

Palavras-chave: Genetic diversity; Intraspecific variability; ITS; Passiflora; Phylogeography.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572010000100018

Fagundes,Nelson J.R.; Tagliani-Ribeiro,Alice; Rubicz,Rohina; Tarskaia,Larissa; Crawford,Michael H.; Salzano,Francisco M.; Bonatto,Sandro L..

Abstract In spite of many genetic studies that contributed for a deep knowledge about the peopling of the Americas, no consensus has emerged about important parameters such as the effective size of the Native Americans founder population. Previous estimates based on genomic datasets may have been biased by the use of admixed individuals from Latino populations, while other recent studies using samples from Native American individuals relied on approximated analytical approaches. In this study we use resequencing data for nine independent regions in a set of Native American and Siberian individuals and a full-likelihood approach based on isolation-with-migration scenarios accounting for recent flow between Asian and Native American populations. Our results...

Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in the Mapuche Indians of Argentina

Palavras-chave: Isolation with Migration model; Coalescent analysis; Native Siberians.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572018000200206

Kaufman,Letícia; Carnese,Francisco R.; Goicoechea,Alicia; Dejean,Cristina; Salzano,Francisco M.; Hutz,Mara H..

Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were investigated in 86 chromosomes from the Argentinian Mapuche. These results were integrated with those previously obtained for ten Brazilian Indian tribes. Eight haplotypes were identified, the most frequent being 2 (57%) and 6 (27%). The presence of haplotype 3 in 2% of the Mapuche chromosomes is probably an evidence of admixture with individuals of African ancestry. Due to the high number of haplotypes observed, heterozygosity as measured by the Gini-Simpson index was higher in the Mapuche than in Brazilian Indians. The haplotypic distribution in the Mapuche was also significantly different from those of all Brazilian tribes investigated. This heterogeneity...

Monomorphic and polymorphic enzyme genetic markers of the Waiãpi Indians of Amapá and of inhabitants of Manaus, Amazonas

Ano: 1998

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47571998000400003

Mestriner,Moacyr A.; Salzano,Francisco M..

One hundred nineteen Waiãpi Indians and 348 inhabitants of Manaus, Amazonas, were tested using nine enzyme genetic systems in the first population and two in the second. The Waiãpi showed some marked differences compared to South American Indian averages in ACP*A (1% vs. 14 ± 9%), GLO1*1 (9% vs. 30 ± 14%) and ESD*1 (99.6% vs. 70 ± 17%), while ESD*1 and CA2*1 prevalences in the Manaus population were within the range previously found in the northern region of Brazil (ESD*1: 85% vs. 80-94%; CA2*1: 98% vs. 89-99.8%). The almost identical frequencies obtained for these two markers in this population, when the sample was subdivided according to skin color, suggest that such morphological classifications have little value in this region. Genetic distances...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Ano: 1998

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47571998000300003

Molecular evolution and functional divergence of alcohol dehydrogenases in animals, fungi and plants

Thompson,Claudia E.; Freitas,Loreta B.; Salzano,Francisco M..

Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenases belong to the large superfamily of medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, which occur throughout the biological world and are involved with many important metabolic routes. We considered the phylogeny of 190 ADH sequences of animals, fungi, and plants. Non-class III Caenorhabditis elegans ADHs were seen closely related to tetrameric fungal ADHs. ADH3 forms a sister group to amphibian, reptilian, avian and mammalian non-class III ADHs. In fishes, two main forms are identified: ADH1 and ADH3, whereas in amphibians there is a new ADH form (ADH8). ADH2 is found in Mammalia and Aves, and they formed a monophyletic group. Additionally, mammalian ADH4 seems to result from an ADH1 duplication, while in Fungi, ADH formed clusters...

Estudos epidemiológicos entre populações indígenas da Amazônia. II. Prevalências da microfilaremia de Mansonella ozzardi: comparação de dois métodos de diagnóstico ()

Palavras-chave: Glycolytic proteins; Molecular evolution; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Functional diversification; Positive selection.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572018000200341

Acta Amazonica

Lawrence,Dale N.; Erdtmann,Bernardo; Peet,Jennifer W.; Mello,José A. Nunes de; Healy,George R.; Neel,James V.; Salzano,Francisco M..

Resumo Foi determinada a prevalência de microfilaremia em uma amostra representativa de adolescentes e adultos, em 13 aldeias, de índios amazônicos brasileiros em julho-agosto de 1976. Através de esfregaço de sangue periférico corados com Giemsa e de preparações de culturas de linfócitos de sangue periférico, ou ambas, foram testadas 533 pessoas com idade acima de 10 anos e 68 crianças com menos de 10 anos. A Mansonella ozzardi foi a única espécie de microfilária encontrada. A prevalência foi altamente aldeia-específica. Em quatro (4) das 13 aldeias, houve casos de não detecção de microfilaremia pelos métodos usados. Em quatro (4) outras aldeias, as prevalências encontradas para os residentes de 10 anos e mais velhos foram em excesso de 60% para cada...

Ano: 1980

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59671980000400763

Demografia genética dos índios Ticuna da Amazônia

Acta Amazonica

Salzano,Francisco M.; Jacques,Sídia M. Callegari; Neel,James V..

Resumo Os índios Ticuna do Brasil são atualmente uma tribo bastante aculturada e integrada, que habita, na sua maioria, aldeias localizadas ao longo do rio Solimões. São aqui apresentados dados demográficos coletados em oito destas aldeias, sendo que para cinco delas foram obtidas informações minuciosas quanto à migração, fertilidade e mortalidade. Os Ticuna caracterizam-se por uma mobilidade relativamente grande, fertililidade alta (número médio de filhos nascidos vivos por mulher com > 40 anos :7), baixa freqüência de casais estéreis (2,5%) e uma mortalidade relativamente pequena para grupos que vivem neste estágio cultural (25% de mortes antes da idade de reprodução). A mortalidade baixa e uma variância também pequena no número de nascidos vivos em...

Estudos epidemiológicos entre populações indígenas da Amazônia. I. Pioderma: Prevalência e patógenos associados

Ano: 1979

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59671979000500517

Acta Amazonica

Lawrence,Dale N.; Facklam,Richard R.; Sottnek,Frances O.; Hancock,Gary A.; Neel,James V.; Salzano,Francisco M..

Resumo O pioderma foi estudado em uma amostra representativa entre residentes de 4 remotas aldeias indígenas no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, durante os meses de julho a agosto de 1976. A prevalência entre os 775 habitantes examinados foi de 11%, com pequena variação inter-aldeia. Quanto às taxas de ataque, estas foram calculadas para toda a amostra da população, em intervalos de 5 anos de idade, sendo que os indivíduos de 0-4 anos tiveram a taxa mais alta, 31%. A prevalência mais alta, 38%, foi encontrada entre os de 3 anos de idade. As taxas de ataque aparentemente não tiveram nenhuma relação quanto ao sexo. Culturas de lesões de pioderma representativas tomadas de pessoas nas quatro aldeias pesquisadas e em três aldeias adicionais, foram estudadas...

Evolutionary change - patterns and processes

Ano: 1979

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59671979000700661

Anais da ABC (AABC)

The present review considered: (a) the factors that conditioned the early transition from non-life to life; (b) genome structure and complexity in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organelles; (c) comparative human chromosome genomics; and (d) the Brazilian contribution to some of these studies. Understanding the dialectical conflict between freedom and organization is fundamental to give meaning to the patterns and processes of organic evolution.