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| Hilber, Isabel; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer; Wyss, Gabriela S.. |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are still found in food and feed crops although they were applied about 40 years ago. There is a considerable knowledge gap concerning the extent of soil and crop contamination by OCP. We performed two surveys in 2002 and 2005 to assess the loads of OCP in 41 Swiss horticultural fields under organic and conventional production and corresponding Cucurbitaceae fruits (cucumbers, zucchini, and pumpkin), whereas these fields stay for intensive agricultural production in Europe. In addition, soil organic carbon, texture, and pH were measured also. OCP were detected in 27 out of 41 fields (65.9%). The farming practice had no influence on the contamination or level of OCP in soil. The sum of OCP-loads per field ranged from <0.01... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil; Vegetables. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26424/1/Hilber_etal_2008_Chemosphere73.pdf |
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| Hilber, Isabel; Vogt, Lea; Wyss, Gabriela S.; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer. |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were once applied world wide but have been banned meanwhile in most countries because of their ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence. However, residues can still be present in soils even many years after applications have been stopped and taken up by crop plants. OCP accumulation from bound residues was found to be a particular problem in Cucurbitaceae plants. Two soil surveys performed in 2002 and 2005 in Switzerland revealed that OCP residues were taken up by cucumbers grown in soils that have been converted to organic production in the meantime. Even if legal tolerance values are not exceeded, this is a serious economic problem for the farmers affected by contaminated crops, because consumers of organically grown... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/13424/1/Hilber%2Detal%2D2007_exclusion_of_contaminants_Cost859.pdf |
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| Grüter, Roman; Costerousse, Benjamin; Mayer, Jochen; Mäder, Paul; Thonar, Cécile; Frossard, Emmanuel; Schulin, Rainer; Tandy, Susan. |
| Wheat is a staple food crop and a major source of both the essential micronutrient zinc (Zn) and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) for humans. Since Zn and Cd are chemically similar, increasing Zn concentrations in wheat grains (biofortification), while preventing Cd accumulation, is an agronomic challenge. We used two Swiss agricultural long-term field trials, the “Dynamic-Organic-Conventional System Comparison Trial” (DOK) and the “Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment” (ZOFE), to investigate the impact of long-term organic, mineral and combined fertilizer inputs on total and phytoavailable concentrations of soil Zn and Cd and their accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). “Diffusive gradients in thin films” (DGT) and... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Composting and manuring. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/36388/1/grueter-etal-2019-SciTotalEnv-Vol669-p608-620.pdf |
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| Hilber, Isabel; Wyss, Gabriela S.; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer. |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCP’s), such as dieldrin or DDT, were applied world wide against pests in horticulture, fruit and arable crops. Although OCP’s were banned 20 years ago, they still persist in soils and are taken up by the plants (Mandl and Lindner 1999). OCP residues in soil, for instance dieldrin, has been detected in high economic value crops (Wyss et al., 2004) such as cucumber and pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae), which strongly accumulate OCP in their fruits. Consumers generally expect that food is safe and uncontaminated, but those who buy organically grown products are particularly concerned about health and thus sensitive to food quality. Therefore, OCP residues in organic food stuff have become a major issue not only for food control authorities,... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Soil quality. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/13422/1/hilber%2Detal%2D2006%2DWG2_WG3_SaintEtienne.pdf |
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| Scheifele, Michael; Hobi, Andrea; Buegger, Franz; Gattinger, Andreas; Schulin, Rainer; Boller, Thomas; Mäder, Paul. |
| The aim of this study was to identify effects of carbonized organic material (‘‘biochar’’) on soybean growth, root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation, and to elucidate possible underlyingmechanisms.Soybean (Glycine max L.) was grown in four arable soils amended with carbonized organic material produced from wood or maize as feedstocks, by pyrolysis (‘‘pyrochar’’) or hydrothermal carbonization (‘‘hydrochar’’). Nodulation by Bradyrhizobium, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) assessed by15N techniques, plant growth, nutrient uptake and changes in chemical soil propertiesafter soil amendment were determined. Data were analyzed by means of a three way ANOVA onthe factors soil, carbonization technique and feedstock. It turned out that soybean root... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Composting and manuring Nutrient turnover. |
| Ano: 2017 |
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| Helfenstein, Julian; Müller, Isabel; Grüter, Roman; Bhullar, Gurbir S.; Mandloi, Lokendra; Papritz, Andreas; Siegrist, Michael; Schulin, Rainer. |
| Zinc (Zn) nutrition is of key relevance in India, as a large fraction of the population suffers from Zn malnutrition and many soils contain little plant available Zn. In this study we compared organic and conventional wheat cropping systems with respect to DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Zn as a proxy for plant available Zn, yield, and grain Zn concentration. We analyzed soil and wheat grain samples from 30 organic and 30 conventional farms in Madhya Pradesh (central India), and conducted farmer interviews to elucidate sociological and management variables. Total and DTPA-extractable soil Zn concentrations and grain yield (3400 kg ha-1) did not differ between the two farming systems, but with 32 and 28 mg kg-1 respectively, grain Zn... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds India. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/30776/1/helfenstein-etal-2016-OrganicWheatFarming-PloSOne-11-8.pdf |
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| Hilber, Isabel; Wyss, Gabriela S.; Mäder, Paul; Bucheli, Thomas D.; Meier, Isabel; Vogt, Lea; Schulin, Rainer. |
| Activated charcoal (AC) amendments have been suggested as a promising, cost-effective method to immobilize organic contaminants in soil. We performed pot experiments over two years with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in agricultural soil with 0.07 mg kg_1 of weathered dieldrin and 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg AC per kg soil. Dieldrin fresh weight concentrations in cucumber fruits were significantly reduced from 0.012 to an average of 0.004 mg kg_1, and total uptake from 2 to 1 mg in the 800 mg kg_1 AC treatment compared to the untreated soil. The treatment effects differed considerably between the two years, due to different meteorological conditions. AC soil treatments did neither affect the availability of nutrients to the cucumber plants nor their yield... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil; Vegetables. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26375/1/Hilber_etal_2009_EP157.pdf |
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| Scheifele, Michael; Buegger, Franz; Fliessbach, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer; Gattinger, Andreas. |
| Results › Carbon mineralization rates were highest in maize straw and lowest in pyrochar amended soil. › Pyrochar showed even lower CO2 fluxes than non-amended soil. › Initial mineralization rates of maize straw and hydrochar were higher in soil M, whereas in Soil D the pyrochar was decomposed slightly faster. › Hydrochar derived carbon was readily incorporated in the microbial biomass of both soils, pyrochar resisted nearly completely. › Comparison of carbon pools CO2 , Cmic and Corg at day 12 and day 205 shows that a stabilsation of maize feedstock of more than a double could be achieved with HTC and far beyond that scale with pyrolysis. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions; Soil. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/25774/1/Scheifele_et_al_Biochar_degratdation_2013_def.pdf |
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| Grüter, Roman; Costerousse, Benjamin; Bertoni, Angelina; Mayer, Jochen; Thonar, Cécile; Frossard, Emmanuel; Schulin, Rainer; Tandy, Susan. |
| Zinc (Zn) deficiency in human populations depending on cereals as a main source of Zn is a global malnutrition problem. In this field study, we investigated the potential of green manure application to increase soil Zn availability and wheat grain Zn concentrations (biofortification) on a Luvisol with different long-term fertilizer management. We also studied cadmium (Cd), as wheat is a major contributor of this undesired non-essential element to human diets. Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) or no green manure was grown on field plots which had been managed with farmyard manure or mineral fertilizers for 65 years in Switzerland. After green manure incorporation into the soil, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on all... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Composting and manuring Nutrient turnover. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/32663/1/greuter-etal-2017-SciTotalEnv-vol599-600-p1330-1343.pdf |
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