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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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| Orden, David; Cheng, Fuzhi; Nguyen, Hoa; Grote, Ulrike; Thomas, Marcelle; Mullen, Kathleen; Sun, Dongsheng. |
| The levels of support that trade and domestic farm policies afford to agriculture, and the related processes of policy reform intended to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural production, processing, and marketing, are important issues for developing countries. The effects of policy on agriculture are well documented for wealthy countries, especially by the established and respected studies from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. However, systematic analysis is often lacking for poor countries because of the difficulty and cost of measuring policy effects consistently over time and across commodities. This study contributes to filling the existing research gap by examining the impacts of agricultural policies and policy... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state; India; Indonesia; China; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37879 |
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| Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Babinard, Julie; Pinstrup-Andersen, Per; Thomas, Marcelle. |
| For the health community, globalization offers opportunities but also poses important challenges. Dramatic progress has been made in the area of health over the past forty years; however, improvements have been unequally distributed across regions. Developing countries share a disproportionate burden of avoidable mortality and disability, primarily attributable to preventable infectious diseases, malnutrition, and complications of childbirth. Globalization affects global health, which in turn may improve or worsen the health of the poor in developing countries. This paper reviews the different meanings of globalization and indicators for some of its components. Using a simple framework, it examines the channels, which links globalization and health... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16292 |
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| Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Thomas, Marcelle; Robinson, Sherman. |
| An important component of the current debate about agriculture trade negotiations is whether further liberalization of trade and agricultural policies may help or hinder food security in WTO member countries. These concerns were formulated first, in Article 20 of the Agreement on Agriculture negotiated during the Uruguay Round, which indicated that negotiations should take into consideration, among other things, "non trade concerns"; and in its preamble, which mentioned as examples of those concerns, "food security and the need to protect the environment". They were also reaffirmed in the Doha Declaration, which declares that "the long-term objective" is "to establish a fair and market-oriented trading system through a program of fundamental reform", and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16266 |
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| Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Robinson, Sherman; Thomas, Marcelle; Yanoma, Yukitsugu. |
| The objective of this paper is to present a survey of trade issues in agriculture from the perspective of developing countries. Developing countries are a large percentage of the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, and agriculture is critical for their economic growth, poverty alleviation, food security, and environmental sustainability. First, this paper identifies trends in production, consumption, and trade of food and agriculture over the last four decades. Some of the significant developments food and agricultural trade is the emergence of oilseeds and fruits and vegetables, which are becoming the main exports from developing countries, replacing traditional exports such as sugar, coffee and cocoa. The trends show also a worsening of developing... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16278 |
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| Bautista, Romeo M.; Thomas, Marcelle; Muir-Leresche, Kay; Lofgren, Hans. |
| This report investigates the income and equity effects of macroeconomic policy reforms in Zimbabwe, emphasizing linkages between macroeconomic policies and agricultural performance and agriculture's influence on aggregate income and its distribution. Analyses focus on reform of the foreign trade regime, public expenditure, and tax policy, along with the potential benefits of combining these structural changes with various land reform scenarios. The study uses a CGE model that provides a policy simulation laboratory in which exogenous policy changes are analyzed for their economywide income and equity effects. The report highlights the need for policy complementarities in Zimbabwe that can contribute to equitable growth. It should be of interest not only... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16521 |
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| Bautista, Romeo M.; Thomas, Marcelle. |
| Using a CGE (computable general equilibrium) model for Zimbabwe with 1991 as base period, this paper examines quantitatively the income and equity effects of macroeconomic reform measures in isolation and in conjunction with potentially complementary changes in agricultural sector policies. Some important features of the CGE model are an explicit focus on agriculture, distinction among various rural and urban household groups, and detailed specification of factor markets. Specific aspects of economic policy existing in the pre-reform benchmark year are taken into account in the base model, such as the administered setting of the foreign exchange rate, quantitative import restrictions, and government-determined maize prices for domestic producers and grain... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16313 |
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| Thomas, Marcelle; Orden, David. |
| As in many other developing countries, the concerns about food security in Indonesia during the 1980s and early 1990s resulted in policies aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in food crops. The Government of Indonesia (GOI) combined price interventions and economic incentives to encourage agricultural production, especially of the staple crops. From 1985 to 1998, Indonesia started a series of domestic and trade reforms emanating from a combination of unilateral undertakings, the country’s commitments to the WTO, and the government’s agreement with the IMF following the 1997/98 financial crisis. This study computes nominal protection rates and producer support estimates (NPR and PSE) for Indonesia for the period 1985-2003 for six agricultural commodities,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60455 |
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| Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Thomas, Marcelle; Robinson, Sherman; Cattaneo, Andrea. |
| An important issue in WTO trade negotiations is whether further liberalization of trade and agricultural policies may help or hinder food security in WTO member countries, especially the developing countries. The WTO recognizes various classifications of countries: developed, developing, least developed (LDC) and net food importing developing (NFIDC). How well do these categories capture issues of food security? This paper employs various methods of cluster analysis (including an approach based on fuzzy sets) and data for 167 countries to identify groups of countries categorized according to five measures of food security: food production per capita, the ratio of total exports to food imports, calories per capita, protein per capita, and the share of the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food security; WTO; Cluster analysis; Fuzzy classification; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16261 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Robinson, Sherman; Thomas, Marcelle; Wobst, Peter. |
| This study quantitatively analyzes the general equilibrium effects of declines in world demand for tobacco products. The study finds that tobacco exports and production in the three developing countries, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Turkey, would be badly hit if world tobacco prices fall due to the decline in tobacco demand. Moreover, for a given decrease in the world tobacco price, the more important the tobacco sector is in an economy, the worse the tobacco sector is hit. Tobacco is quite important to the Malawian and Zimbabwean economies as tobacco production and trade accounted for, respectively, 17% and 43% of agricultural GDP and tobacco exports accounted for 50% and 35% of national exports in these two countries. The negative effects of a decline in world... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16273 |
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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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