SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Buffer zones were effective in decreasing losses of eroded soil particles, total P and particulate P in surface runoff from fields ploughed in autumn. The retention of DRP was low, the DRP loads to surface runoff might increase on BZs in winter and early spring. The grass should be cut and the swathe removed on the BZs. Innovatons, with them DRP can be retained on BZs especially in winter and spring >StoP. On pasture and in direct drilling, the mean annual DRP load was slightly smaller on the VBZ with native scrubs and herbs compared with NBZ (p=0.05, p=0.07, respectively). There was a significant treatment x season interaction on surface runoff, TP, and DRP and almost significant on total solids (erosion), and PP.

Nitrogen losses from grass ley after slurry application - surface broadcasting vs. injection

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://orgprints.org/16038/1/jaanau.pdf

Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Mattila, Pasi K..

As the livestock numbers on Finnish dairy farms have increased and most fields on dairy farms are under grass, it has become common to spread cattle slurry over grasslands. To estimate environmental effects of recurrent slurry applications, a 5-year field study was performed to compare nitrogen (N) losses to water and ammonia losses to air by volatilization, when cattle slurry was either surface broadcast or injected into clay soil after grass cuttings. Slurry was spread on the grass in summer (1996–1997) or both in summer and autumn (1998–2000). Biomass N uptake before grass harvesting and amount of soil mineral N in spring and autumn were measured and field N balances were calculated. Despite cool weather, up to one third of the ammonium N of broadcast...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://orgprints.org/18181/1/uusi%2Dkamppa.pdf

Buffer zone water repellency: effects of the management practice

Rasa, Kimmo; Räty, Mari; Nikolenko, Olga; Horn, Rainer; Yli-Halla, Markku; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Pietola, Liisa.

Water repellency index R was measured in a heavy clay and a sandy loam, used as arable land or buffer zone (BZ). Further, effect of management practise and ageing of BZs were studied. Water repellency was proved to be a common phenomenon on these soils. Harvesting and grazing increased water repellency as does ageing.Low water repellency is supposed to prevent preferential flows and provide evenly distributed water infiltration pattern through large soil volume, which favours nutrient retention.

Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from a feedlot for suckler cows

Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/16280/1/pollutants6.pdf

Evaluating vegetated buffer zones for phosphorus retention in cereal and grass production

The raising of cattle outdoors in winter is becoming more common in temperate areas, although there is little information available on the effects of this practice on forested environments. In this study, the concentrations of ammonium acetate extractable phosphorus (P AAAc )and mineral nitrogen (NH 4-N and NO 3-N) in soil and the quality of percolation water from an open feedlot were studied in eastern Finland in 1997–2000. In each of four pens (975–1300 m2) eight suckler cows were fed in winter from 1995 in the case of the first two pens and from 1996 in the remaining two. The suckler cows usually stayed in the front part of the feedlot. Therefore the nutrient loading was also the highest in this part of the lot. When the pens had been used for 1–2...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/16735/1/uusik%C3%A4mpp%C3%A4.pdf

The buffer zones seem to be effective to stop erosion and trap particle bound P in surface runoff from the autumn ploughed clay soil. On pastures, the buffers are not so important, if P fertiliser is not surface applied and the grazing intensity is not too high. However, the high DRP loss to surface runoff may be a real problem on grass fields in spring. The buffers are not able to uptake nutrients in early spring when the runoff is highest.

Tools for environmental risk mitigation of acid sulphate soils

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://orgprints.org/15042/1/njffosf.pdf

Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Turtola, Eila; Regina, Kristiina; Ylivainio, Kari; Österholm, Peter; Yli-Halla, Markku; Virtanen, Seija; Nuotio, Eeva.

Project: Climate change adaptation tools for environmental risk mitigation of acid sulphate soils (CATERMASS) Funding: Life+ Environment policy and governance 2008-C1 Coordinator: Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Partners: Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (RKTL), Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, University of Helsinki, Åbo Academi University Action 3: Mitigation methods and their adaptation to changing climate conditions

Nutrient retention by differently managed vegetation of buffer zones

Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://orgprints.org/19575/1/Uusikamppa.pdf

Räty, Mari; Rasa, Kimmo; Nikolenko, Olga; Yli-Halla, Markku; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Pietola, Liisa.

Shoots growth and nutrient concentration of differently vegetated buffer zones(BZ) were studied in south-western Finland with clay soils. Aboveground plant biomasses differed greatly among each of the six vegetation types with different age and harvesting parctice. The concentration of P AAAc in soil surface increased with natural vegetation with no harvest. The preliminary results for the BZ plots emphasized the role of vegetation and grazing in an additional nutrient loading.

Buffer strips as filters for nutrients from grazed lands and nutrient cycling on the buffer strips

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/16227/1/pollutants1.pdf

Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Granlund, Kirsti; Palojärvi, Ansa; Rankinen, Katri; Regina, Kristiina; Valkama, Anna-Mari.

The retention of agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus by 10-m-wide grass buffer strips and buffers under natural vegetation has been studied for ten years on an experimental field at Jokioinen.

The treatment of surface run-off waters from an equine paddock area with ferric sulphate

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/11269/1/NJF.pdf

Närvänen, Aaro; Jansson, Håkan; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Jansson, Helena.

The Finnish horse industry has been growing with about 1000 horses annually. It has been assessed that there are about 35 000 paddocks for 70 000 horses. The trampling of horses increases the risk for surface run-off from the paddocks and the faeces also make them critical source fo phosphorus. A chemical method for treatment of run-off water from a paddock was tested in Ypäjä (SW, Finland).

Faecal microorganisms in run-off from cattle farming

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/16300/1/pollutants7.pdf

Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Huuskonen, Arto; Kuisma, Miia; Nykänen, Arja; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi.

Numbers of faecal microbes (faecal coliforms, enterococci, sulphite-reducing clostridia and coliphages) were determined in run-off waters from cattle farms in 1998-2005. Water samples were collected from drain wells and open ditches adjacent to exercise yards and forested feedlots for cattle, a grass field with slurry applications and a pasture with buffer strips. The indicator numbers were the highest in run-off waters from asphalt exercise yards while the figures were even 100-fold smaller in waters from a bark covered yard. In the forested feedlots, where cattle were fed for the winter months or all the year round, the indicator numbers were as high as the ones in a grass field with slurry applications or a pasture. There was a severe risk of...

The effects of vegetated buffer zones on erosion and nutrients in surface runoff

Palavras-chave: Animal husbandry; Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/8969/1/ymparisto1.pdf

The buffer zones seem to be one tool in mitigating erosion and total nutrient losses from surface runoff on clay soils. However, to decrease the dissolved reactive phosphorus losses, the vegetation of buffer zones should be cut and the residue removed.

Nutrient retention of vegetated buffer strips on a cropped field and a pasture

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://orgprints.org/15533/1/Uusik%C3%A4mpp%C3%A4.pdf

The effects of 10-meter wide grass buffer strips (GBS) and vegetated buffer strips under natural vegetation (VBS) on losses of sediment, phosohorus and nitrogen from cropped soil plots has been studied for 15 years on Lintupaju field at Jokioinen. The results have been compared with those from 70-m-long and 18-m-wide plots without buffers.

Faecal bacteria and coliphages in run-off from dairy farms

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/16224/1/pollutants.pdf

Although the indicator numbers were mainly quite low, there was a severe risk of transfer of pathogens to the environment, especially when household wastewater or surface run-off water from outdoor yards was poorly purified and allowed to flow into ditches and watercourses. The existence of buffer zones between fields and watercourses may reduce the numbers of faecal microbes in surface run-off water.

Effect of outdoor production, slurry management and buffer zones on phosphorus and nitrogen runoff losses from Finnish cattle farms

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://orgprints.org/11100/1/faecal1.pdf

Trees and shrubs as a component of buffer zones: advantages and disadvantages in P-retention

This thesis sums up studies on phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses to water from forested feedlots and slurry-amended grass fields. Moreover, different ways of mitigating the losses in a boreal climate are discussed. Studies were conducted in 1996-2008 at Jokioinen, Tohmajärvi, Ruukki and Taivalkoski. Water samples representing surface runoff were collected from open ditches and analysed e.g. for total solids (sediment) as well as total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total N (TN) to estimate nutrient losses from forested feedlots with different stocking rates (animal units per hectare, AU/ha) and from slurry-amended grass. Surface runoff samples were similarly analysed to evaluate the efficacy of 10 m wide buffer zones to decrease and retain...

Tipo: Thesis

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://orgprints.org/16813/1/mtttiede7.pdf

Norrdahl, Kai; Martel, Jocelyn; Pöyri, Ville; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Yli-Halla, Markku; Lempa, Kyösti; Suomela, Janne; Virtanen, Risto.

Trees and shrubs are potential components for construction of buffer zones, especially for reducing phosphorus levels in soil. Woody species appear to be less efficient in capturing nutrients from overland flow, at least outside the growing season. Tree seedlings prevent effective mowing and removal of hay, which may lead to an accumulation of dead hay on the zone. Therefore woody species should mainly be used in places where yearly mowing and removal of hay is not feasible.

Modelling of water balance and nitrogen cycle in vegetative filter strips

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://orgprints.org/16057/1/wetlands2.pdf

Rankinen, Katri; Palojärvi, Ansa; Regina, Kristiina; Pietola, Liisa; Granlund, Kirsti; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana.

The retention of nutrients by 10-m-wide grass buffers and buffers under natural vegetation has been studied over 10 years in Jokioinen in southwestern Finland. The results have been compared with those from 70-m-long plots without buffers. Grass was sown on the adjacent field and plots without buffers in 2002, and the field plots and these were grazed for 12 and 24 days in summer 2003 and 2004, respectively.

Phosphorus load from equine critical source areas and its reduction using ferric sulphate

Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://orgprints.org/16261/1/pollutants3.pdf

Närvänen, Aaro; Jansson, Håkan; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Jansson, Helena; Perälä, Paula.

The increasing number of horses, especially in urban areas has made the phosphorus (P) load of exercise areas (paddocks) more and more obvious but there has been a lack of information regarding how to assess this load and what can be done to lower it. In the surface soil (1-2 cm) of areas that are affected by horse manure, like paddocks, we measured very high extractable P contents. When testing soils from these areas using a rainfall simulator we found a close correlation between the extractable soil P in the surface soil and the dissolved reactive P in runoff water. In a runoff treatment test trial we used ferric sulphate to treat paddock runoff water. The chemical dosage was carried out using a tube doser placed in a well. After ferric sulphate...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://orgprints.org/16436/1/ber.pdf

Mitigation of phosphorus and faecal bacteria losses to water from horse paddocks

Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Närvänen, Aaro; Jansson, Håkan.

The losses of P and faecal microbes from outdoor paddocks are possible to decrease by removing dung, choosing the right floor materials and adding of the P-binding material into the surface layer of the floor. In the present study, sand retained more P and faecal coliforms than woodchips. The concentrations were lower in percolation water compared to surface runoff water, since the floor materials retained P and sieved coliforms. Addition of Fe-containing amendment into the sand floor decreased P concentrations and possibly also numbers of faecal coliforms in percolation water. More research is, however, needed to obtain the right amendments and suitable amounts.

Exercise yards in Finland - structures and environmental impact

Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://orgprints.org/19447/1/Uusi%2DK%C3%A4mpp%C3%A4.doc

Puumala, Maarit; Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Nykänen, Arja; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi.

Two exercise yards have been designed, constructed and monitored. Samples from the runoff water have been taken regularly, and their nutrient concentrations(nitrogen, phosphor), total solids, pH, total chemical oxygen demand and hygienic quality have been analysed. The behaviour of animals has been observed.