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| Cooper, Julia; Baranski, Marcin; Stewart, Gavin; Nobel-de Lange, Majimcha; Barberi, Paolo; Fliessbach, Andreas; Peigne, Joséphine; Berner, Alfred; Brock, Christopher; Casagrande, Marion; Crowley, Oliver; David, Christophe; De Vliegher, Alex; Döring, Thomas F.; Dupont, Aurélien; Entz, Martin; Grosse, Meike; Haase, Thorsten; Halde, Caroline; Hammerl, Verena; Huiting, Hilfred; Leithold, Günter; Messmer, Monika; Schloter, Michael; Sukkel, Wijnand; van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.; Willekens, Koen; Wittwer, Raphaël; Mäder, Paul. |
| Reduced tillage is increasingly promoted to improve sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems. Nonetheless, adoption of reduced tillage by organic farmers has been slow due to concerns about nutrient supply, soil structure, and weeds that may limit yields. Here, we compiled the results from both published and unpublished research comparing deep or shallow inversion tillage, with various categories of reduced tillage under organic management. Shallow refers to less than 25 cm. We found that (1) division of reduced tillage practices into different classes with varying degrees of intensity allowed us to assess the trade-offs between reductions in tillage intensity, crop yields, weed incidence, and soil C stocks. (2) Reducing tillage intensity in... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/29974/1/Cooper-etal-2016-ASD-36_22.pdf |
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| Wittwer, Raphaël; Dorn, Brigitte; Mouron, Patrik; Lips, Markus; van der Heijden, Marcel. |
| There is an increased interest in Europe to develop organic farming systems with reduced tillage intensity. Besides technical and agronomical aspects, the profitability of these systems has to be viable for farmers to achieve a successful implementation in practice. A long-term trial was set up in 2009 at the research station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon (ART) to compare conventional and organic farming systems with and without ploughing including a full cost calculation to assess the profitability of the different systems. First results show that the highest benefit was obtained under organic cultivation under Swiss legislation. Moreover, production costs were reduced with the adoption of conservation tillage. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Farm economics; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21242/1/21242_RaphaelWittwer.doc |
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| Wittwer, Raphaël; Rossi, W.. |
| Cover crops are in disreputable to promote noxious snails in arable fields, which can negatively impact the following main crop. Agroscope have tested the susceptibility of 25 cover crop species against the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum). Results elucidate the possibility to regulate the slug population with a proper choice of cover crop species. Best results were obtained with lupine, vetch, serradella, phacelia, oilseed radish, mustard, oat, buckwheat and summer flax. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31534/1/Schneckenanf%C3%A4lligkeit%20von%20Zwischenfr%C3%BCchten.pdf |
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| Necpalowa, Magdalena; Lee, Juhwan; Skinner, Colin; Büchi, Lucie; Wittwer, Raphaël; Gattinger, Andreas; van der Heijden, Marcel; Mäder, Paul; Charles, Raphaël; Berner, Alfred; Mayer, Jochen; Six, Johan. |
| There is an urgent need to identify and evaluate management practices for their biophysical potential to maintain productivity under climate change while mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from individual cropping systems under specific pedo-climatic conditions. Here, we examined, through DayCent modeling, the long-term impact of soil management practices and their interactions on soil GHG emissions and GHG intensity from Swiss cropping systems. Based on experimental data from four long-term experimental sites in Switzerland (Therwil, Frick, Changins, and Reckenholz), we robustly parameterized and evaluated the model for simulating crop productivity, soil C dynamics and soil N2O emissions across a range of management practices and pedo-climatic... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions; Switzerland. |
| Ano: 2018 |
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| Wittwer, Raphaël; Tombez, Grégoire; van der Heijden, Marcel. |
| Ein besseres Verständnis der Dynamik hinter der Freisetzung von pflanzenverfügbaren Nährstoffen aus Boden oder organischen Dünger und eine Verbesserung der Nährstoffverwertung von Ackerfrüchten sind zwei wichtige Herausforderungen, um die Produktivität im ökologischem Ackerbau zu erhöhen. Doch diese Prozesse sind stark sowohl von biotischen (z.B. Bodenmikroben) als auch abiotischen (z.B. Temperatur, Niederschlag, Bodenfeuchtigkeit, Bodenstruktur) Faktoren beeinflusst und erschweren effiziente Untersuchungen. Fernbilderkundung-Technologien (remote sensing) haben sich in den letzten Jahren stark weiterentwickelt und bieten heute neue Ansätze und Methoden, um der Ernährungsstatus von Pflanzen sowie die Dynamik des Pflanzenwachstums nicht destruktiv zu... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Specific methods; Nutrient turnover; Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27132/1/27132_wittwer.pdf |
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| Wittwer, Raphaël; Jossi, Werner; van der Heijden, Marcel. |
| Several studies indicate that cover crops can be used to enhance agricultural sustainability as they provide numerous ecological services in agro-ecosystems. They protect soil against erosion and nutrient losses and compete weeds. Moreover, legume species fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere and contribute to next crop nutrition. Hence, cover crops complement the ecological aims of organic agriculture. We investigated the impact of cover crops in different cropping systems (organic and conventional) and soil tillage intensities (plough, reduced and no-tillage) in various field experiments. Moreover, results from an experimental network, which has investigated the behavior of more than 11 cover crops, is included. Results show that the effects of cover... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Crop combinations and interactions. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31868/1/Die%20vielen%20Facetten%20von%20Zwischenfr%C3%BCchten.pdf |
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