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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Haigh, Zoe; Pearce, Helen; Pearce, Bruce; Jones, Hannah; Clarke, Sarah; Wolfe, Martin. |
| A major obstacle in the development of organic farming in the UK is the central problem of winter wheat production. At present, there is a substantial gap between the supply of home-grown organic milling wheat and demand, partially due to shortfalls in both wheat yield and quality. Progress is being made in organic wheat breeding programmes across Europe, although the varieties arising from these are not widely available in the UK. A crucial and unanswered question is how reliably varieties will perform under the diverse conditions that prevail on organic farms. Wheat trial results reported here indicate that the main effects of variety, location, year, or farming practice may often be more important than the complex interactions among these factors.... |
| Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19799/1/2009.Doring_et_al.OrgFarm.pdf |
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| Baddeley, J. A.; Döring, Thomas F.; Hatch, David; Marshall, Athole; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, S; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, C.A.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| There is a pressing need to develop arable cropping systems that are both more efficient in their use of nitrogen (N) and more resilient to an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. One potential solution is to use species-rich mixtures of grasses and legumes in the fertilitybuilding phase of a ley/arable crop rotation. These mixtures may reduce N losses and increase productivity of the following crop. They may also have other important benefits such as increased in-field biodiversity. In this project, legume and grass species with a range of tolerances to different environmental conditions, and with differing growth characteristics, are being grown individually and as a mixture across the UK, and their performance assessed. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19774/1/SACSEPA2010JAB.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas; Knapp, Samuel; Kovacs, Geza; Wolfe, Martin. |
| In evolutionary plant breeding, crop populations with a high level of genetic diversity are subjected to the forces of natural selection. In a cycle of sowing and re-sowing seed from the plant population year after year, those plants favored under prevailing growing conditions are expected to contribute more seed to the next generation than plants with lower fitness. Thus, evolving crop populations have the capability of adapting to the conditions under which they are grown. Here we review the current state of research in evolutionary plant breeding and concentrate on the ability of evolving plant populations to deal with stressful, variable, and unpredictable environments. This resilience of evolving plant populations is seen as a major advantage under... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19770/1/2011.Doring_et_al.Evo%2DBreed.Sust.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Baddeley, J. A.; Brown, RJ; Collins, R; Crowley, Oliver; Cuttle, Steve; McCalman, Heather; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, Stephen; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, Christine; Wolfe, Martin; Jones, H E. |
| As costs for mineral fertilizers rise, legume-based leys are recognised as a potential alternative nitrogen source for crops. Here we demonstrate that including species-rich legume-based leys in the rotation helps to maximize synergies between agricultural productivity and other ecosystem services. By using functionally diverse plant species mixtures these services can be optimised and fine-tuned to regional and farm-specific needs. Field experiments run over three years at multiple locations showed that the stability of ley performance was greater in multi-species mixtures than in legume monocultures. In addition, mixing different legume species in the ley helps to suppress both early and late weeds. Further, combining complementary phenologies of... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Pasture and forage crops; Nutrient turnover; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/20718/1/Doring_et_al_2012_Legume_mixtures_for_ecosystem_service_delivery_%2D_overview.pdf |
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| Phillips, Scott; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Heritable variation is at the heart of the process of evolution. However, variation is restricted in breeding for uniform crop populations using the pedigree line approach. Pedigree lines are successful in agriculture because synthetic inputs are used to raise fertility and control weeds, pests and diseases. An alternative method promoted for exploring the value of variation and evolutionary fitness in crops is to create composite cross populations. Composite cross populations are formed by assembling seed stocks with diverse evolutionary origins, recombination of these stocks by hybridization, the bulking of F1 progeny, and subsequent natural election for mass sorting of the progeny in successive natural cropping environments. Composite cross... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/6749/1/PhillipsandWolfe[2]_Lit_review.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Pautasso, Marco; Finckh, Maria R.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| The co-evolution of plants with their pests and diseases is a major driving force in evolution in nature. As a consequence, many pests and pathogens have multiple functions involved in survival on host populations. As a result of this continuous co-evolution, plant pests and pathogens have been selected for high reproduction rates, because of the low probability of an individual being able to find or infect a compatible host plant. For their part, host plants in natural ecosystems are often interspersed among other plant species and show wide and changing variation among individuals for genes affecting specific or non-specific resistance to each of the many pathogens that may attack them. Throughout the plant world there are dynamic and unstable equilibria... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19803/1/Doering%20chapter%2003.pdf |
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| Wolfe, Martin. |
| Modern conventional agriculture is characterized by monocultures. These are less productive in terms of biomass than natural plant communities, which are usually complex mixtures of species and varieties, and they also require more inputs. A central question for organic agriculture is therefore how far we can move from monocultural to polycultural systems in order to benefit from this biodiversity without loss of yield. Rotations are one way of increasing biodiversity, but other components of the EFRC research programme are relevant: breeding programmes for wheat and kale aimed at producing crop populations rather than pure lines; variety and species mixtures, especially for cereals; intercropping legumes with a vegetable rotation (companion... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Education; Extension and communication Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10832/1/Functional_biodiversity.pdf |
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| Zarb, John; Ghorbani, Reza; Juntharathep, Pintip; Shotton, Peter; Santos, Joanna; Wilcockson, Steve; Leifert, Carlo; Litterick, Audrey M; Bain, Ruaridh A; Wolfe, Martin. |
| This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Protective copper fungicides are currently used to control late blight in most organic production systems, but approval for their use in organic farming will be revoked in 2002. Evidence suggests that organic potato production will not be reliably economic in the absence of Cu. Current controls for late blight are reviewed including: variety selection/breeding for blight resistance, diversification strategies, agronomic strategies for the management of late blight, and alternative treatments to Cu-fungicides. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8405/1/zarb_Control_strategies_late_blight_potatoes.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Crowley, Oliver; Wolfe, Martin. |
| An Organic Research Centre project is examining how diversity-based tools can assist in the on-farm improvement of organic wheat. Successful organic crop production requires varieties that are resistant to diseases, competitive against weeds, and effective at scavenging nutrients. Yet conventional plant breeding has largely neglected organic systems by breeding varieties exclusively for high input conditions. As a consequence, organic producers currently do not have enough choice of plant varieties for organic conditions. One way to expand the choice is to create plant diversity anew and subject it to natural selection on organic farms. After several generations the dominating plants would be better suited to organic systems. This idea is being tested... |
| Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19777/1/2011.Doring_et_al.OrgFarm.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas; Pautasso, Marco; Finckh, Maria R.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Plant health is a frequently used but ill-defined term. However, there is an extensive literature on general health definitions and health criteria in human medicine. Taking up ideas from these philosophical debates, concepts of plant health are reviewed and a framework developed to locate these concepts according to their position in several philosophical controversies. In particular, (i) the role of values in defining plant health in a naturalist versus a normativist approach; (ii) negative and positive definitions of plant health; (iii) reductionist versus holistic perspectives; (iv) the focus on functionality versus resilience, i.e. the ability of the plant to perform under stress with or without human interference; (v) materialist versus vitalist... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Research methodology and philosophy. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19772/1/2011.Doring_et_al.Plant_Pathol.pdf |
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| Philipps, Lois; Engel, Cindy; Wolfe, Martin. |
| This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Because conventional production of chickens has gone further than any other animal production system towards complete control of the animal’s brief lives, development of effective silvo-poultry systems seems particularly necessary for these essentially woodland birds. The objective is to develop a production system that closely matches the physiological and behavioural needs of the animals being reared. For the example of chickens, this means trying to mimic a woodland/forest-clearing environment. By providing a wide range of trees, shrubs and herbs, it should be possible to provide shelter, nutrition and medicinal benefits for the birds. At the same time, the system needs to fulfil... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Poultry; Farming Systems; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8417/1/philipps_Agroforestry_chicken_production.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Weedon, Odette; Brumlop, Sarah; Wolfe, Martin; Finckh, Maria R.. |
| Three Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) of winter wheat were created in 2001, one from crossing high baking quality parents (called QCCP), one based on high yielding parents (YCCP), and one created from both parent sets combined (YQ). All three CCPs were grown for several years in the UK and in Germany under conventional and organic cropping management. Based on properties of the different parent sets, yields were predicted to be highest in the YCCP and lowest in the QCCP, with the YQCCP in between. However, data showed that the YCCP was not significantly higher-yielding than the more generalist YQCCP in five out of six sites; in fact, the YQCCP even tended to outyield the YCCP on average over all sites, and this effect was significant at the German... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26982/1/26982_doering.pdf |
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| Döring, Thomas F.; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Borgen, Anders; Finckh, Maria R.; Howlett, Sally; Ortolani, Livia; Pearce, Bruce; Pedersen, T.M.; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27954/1/2013.Doring%20et%20al.COBRA.Eucarpia.pdf |
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| Howlett, Sally; Winkler, Louisa; Döring, Thomas F.; Pearce, Helen; Negri, Valeria; Torricelli, Renzo; Wolfe, Martin. |
| Field trials were conducted for three years on an organic farm in England to assess the performance and yield variability of two synthetic sprouting broccoli populations with 4 or 8 parents respectively, along with the original landrace mother plants and a commercial F1 hybrid variety as control (Santée). In terms of total yield, Santée outperformed the other entries, but for some other traits, e.g. heading time and number of sprouts, Santée was comparable with the mean of one or more of the genetically diverse entries. Analysis of yield variability over time showed mixed results. With regard to total yield and total sprout number, variability was higher in the F1 hybrid than in the genetically diverse populations, but for other parameters such as average... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Vegetables Breeding; Genetics and propagation. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26985/1/26985_howlett.pdf |
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| Lampkin, Nicolas; Pearce, Bruce; Leake, Alastair; Creissen, Henry; Gerrard, Catherine L; Gerling, Robbie; Lloyd, Sofie; Padel, Susanne; Smith, Jo; Smith, Laurence; Vieweger, Anja; Wolfe, Martin. |
| ‘Sustainable intensification’ is now often used to describe the future direction for agriculture and food production as a way to address the challenges of increasing global population, food security, climate change and resource conservation. While sustainable intensification is interpreted by some to relate to increasing production, with more efficient but potentially increased use of inputs and technology, there is also a need to consider environmental protection, including the conservation and renewal of natural capital and the output of ecosystem services. There is a growing consensus that sustainable intensification should not only avoid further environmental damage, but actively encourage environmental benefits. This includes addressing issues of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/33067/1/A1652615.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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