Forced by transient solar activities since 7 ka, the thermal structures of the Pacific upper water at boreal winter are featured by an enhanced response of 3-dimensional Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) in an Earth system model of Intermediate Complexity at centennial scales. During solar maximum periods, the magnitude of surface ocean temperature variations is 30% larger in the western tropical Pacific than in the Nino3 region, while at subsurface, it is 40% larger in the subtropical North Pacific than in the western Equatorial Pacific. They compromise stronger zonal and meridional thermal gradients in surface and subsurface Pacific respectively which are both linearly responded to solar forcing at centennial periods. The surface gradient is most...
