SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Zhang, Linxiu; de Brauw, Alan; Rozelle, Scott.

The major objective of this paper is to discuss the development of rural labor markets in China during the past two decades and understand how it has affected women. Using household survey data that we collected in 2001, we examine the role of women in labor markets by examining employment and migration trends and changes in wages. According to the data of our nearly national representative sample, we find that there has been a sharp overall increase in off-farm participation, most of the increase has been driven by young migrants, and women, especially those in the youngest cohorts, have participated at rates equaling or surpassing those of their male counterparts. We also find that the wages of women have not been adversely affected by the emergence...

MIGRATION, CREDIT AVAILABILITY, AND EXPENDITURE GROWTH IN RURAL VIETNAM

Palavras-chave: China; Labor market liberalization; Employment; Wages; Gender; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25932

Harigaya, Tomoko; de Brauw, Alan.

This paper's objective is to describe and explain expenditure growth in Vietnam over the 1990s. Using two rounds of the Vietnam Living Standards Survey, we describe and explain household specific expenditure growth rates and poverty statistics. We find that while credit access does not affect growth, migration does.

Must Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Be Conditioned to Be Effective?: The Impact of Conditioning Transfers on School Enrollment In Mexico

Palavras-chave: International Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20030

de Brauw, Alan; Hoddinott, John.

A growing body of evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs can have strong, positive effects on a range of welfare indicators for poor households in developing countries. However, the contribution of individual program components toward achieving these outcomes is not well understood. This paper contributes to filling this gap by explicitly testing the importance of conditionality on one specific outcome related to human capital formation (namely school enrollment), using data collected during the evaluation of Mexico’s Programa de Educación, Salud, y Alimentación (PROGRESA) CCT program. We exploit the fact that some PROGRESA beneficiaries who received transfers did not receive the forms needed to monitor their children’s attendance...

THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S RURAL LABOR MARKETS DURING THE REFORMS

Palavras-chave: Conditionality; Cash transfers; School enrollment; School attendance; PROGRESA; Mexico; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42814

de Brauw, Alan; Huang, Jikun; Rozelle, Scott; Zhang, Linxiu; Zhang, Yigang.

This paper contributes to the assessment of China's rural labor markets, while paying attention to whether these markets are developing in a manner conducive to the nations modernization. According to our household survey, we find that the rapid increase in off-farm employment has continued and accelerated during the late 1990s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent off-farm activity; has become dominated by young and better educated workers; expanded most rapidly in areas that are relatively well-off; and begun to draw workers from portions of the population, such as women, that earlier had been excluded from participation.

Do Limitations in Land Rights Transferability Influence Low Mobility Rates in Ethiopia?

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11984

de Brauw, Alan; Mueller, Valerie.

Migration is considered a pathway out of poverty for many rural households in developing countries. National policies can discourage households from exploiting external employment opportunities through the distortion of capital markets. Studies in China show that the presence of state and collectively owned land creates inefficiencies in the labor market. We examine the extent restrictions on land rights impede mobility in Ethiopia, having the lowest urbanization rate in sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical estimates support a robust positive effect from increasing the transferability of land rights on migration. Our findings are suggestive that the nascent land certification and registration programs in regions of Ethiopia may potentially promote poverty...

MIGRATION AND INVESTMENT IN RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60958

de Brauw, Alan.

China's recent economic expansion has unleashed the largest flow of population from rural to urban areas in world history. This paper considers the long-term effects of migration on the households of origin. It models participation in migration as a conduit to an intertemporal tradeoff between present consumption and future opportunities.

PARENTS AS PUBLIC GOODS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20648

de Brauw, Alan.

This paper attempts to explain why some elderly in rural China live alone in relative poverty while others live with their children and are relatively well-off. It develops a theoretical model of intergenerational transfers specific to rural China and tests among competing hypotheses using cross-sectional data collected in 2000.

Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World: Evidence from China

Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20298

de Brauw, Alan; Giles, John.

In this paper, we examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. We find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. We also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. We do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity....

SEQUENCING AND THE SUCCESS OF GRADUALISM: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL REFORM

Palavras-chave: Migration; Migrant Networks; Consumption; Poverty; Wealth; Rural China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O15; J22; J24.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6085

de Brauw, Alan; Huang, Jikun; Rozelle, Scott.

This paper provides evidence regarding gains to agricultural market liberalization in China. We empirically identify the different effects that incentive reforms and gradual market liberalization have on China's agricultural economy during its transition period. We find that average gains within the agricultural sector to incentive reform exceed gains to market liberalization by a factor of ten. Our method of analyzing the effects of transition policies on economic performance can be generalized to other reform paths in other transition economies.

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES ON RURAL INCOMES IN CHINA

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11994

de Brauw, Alan; Taylor, J. Edward; Rozelle, Scott.

New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) theory posits a complex relationship between migrants and household income generation. This paper uses NELM and original survey data to examine the impacts of migration on income sources in Northeast China. Migration is found to increase farm incomes but decrease self-employed incomes.