SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

de Gorter, Harry; Abbott, Philip C.; Barichello, Richard R.; Boughner, Devry S.; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Choi, Jung-Sup; Coleman, Jonathan R.; Herrmann, Roland; Kramb, Marc Christopher; Sheldon, Ian M.; Liapis, Peter S.; MacLaren, Donald; Moennich, Christina; Morse, B. Adair; Skully, David W.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Tangermann, Stefan.

Contents: The Economics of Tariff Rate Quotas and the Effects of Trade Liberalization; TRQs and GATT Rules; An Overview of Tariffs, Quotas and Imports Worldwide; TRQs in the European Union; U.S. TRQs for Sugar, Tobacco and Peanuts; Dairy TRQs in the United States; Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries; Management of Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan; Tariff Rate Quota Administration in Canadian Agriculture; The Case of Australia and New Zealand Facing TRQs; The 1999 WTO Panel Report on the EU's Common Market Organization for Bananas; Assessment

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14617

THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND THE CAP: THE REFORM OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE IMPORT REGIME

Martin, Elisa; de Gorter, Harry.

The import regime resulting from the tariffication under the Agreement on Agriculture of the minimum import price scheme protecting fruit & vegetables in the European Union, gives rise to discontinuities in the excess demand, creates competition for rents, and does not allow the full effect of tariffication to be felt.

The Implications of Alternative Biofuel Policies on Carbon Leakage

Palavras-chave: Minimum import price; Fruits & vegetables; Tariffication; Agreement on agriculture; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21636

Drabik, Dusan; de Gorter, Harry; Just, David R..

We show how leakage differs, depending on the biofuel policy and market conditions. Carbon leakage is shown to have two components: a market leakage effect and an emissions savings effect. We also distinguish domestic and international leakage and show how omitting the former like the IPCC does can bias leakage estimates. International leakage is always positive, but domestic leakage can be negative. The magnitude of market leakage depends on the domestic and foreign gasoline supply and fuel demand elasticities, and on consumption and production shares of world oil markets for the country introducing the biofuel policy. Being a small country in world oil markets does not automatically imply that leakage is 100 percent or above that of a large country. We...

THE POLITICS OF UNDERINVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Market leakage; Carbon leakage; Emissions savings; Domestic leakage; Tax credit; Mandate; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q27; Q41; Q42; Q54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102689

de Gorter, Harry; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

This paper develops a political economy framework that determines the factors causing underinvestment in public research expenditures. Governments are unable to fully compensate for unequal income distribution effects of research because of either their inability to make credible commitments or of deadweight costs associated with compensation.

THE IMPACTS OF EXPORT SUBSIDY REDUCTION COMMITMENTS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE

Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6848

Ruiz, Lilian M.; de Gorter, Harry.

The effectiveness of limits and reductions in both export volumes subsidized and value of export subsidies in agriculture is evaluated. A perspective on consumer versus producer financed export subsidies is given. We analyze factors affecting the effectiveness of volume versus value commitments. Statistical analysis of EU export subsidies analyzes the mean and variance of bindings.

CAN PRICE SUPPORTS NEGATE THE SOCIAL GAINS FROM PUBLIC RESEARCH EXPENDITURES IN AGRICULTURE?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21844

de Gorter, Harry; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The burgeoning literature on how the benefits from research may be negative for a given price support arbitrarily ignores the costs of price supports for a given level of research. Furthermore, the very existence of price supports is inconsistent with the normative criterion that governments simply maximize social income. We show that there are always gains from research, even if governments maximize social income subject to a farm income goal. Our results are also consistent with the statements made by Schultz and Ruttan that ignoring price supports will result in all over (or under) valuation of research benefits. Finally, we indicate that the predictions of the "no gains from research" literature may not be substantiated by empirical evidence and that...

TARIFF RATE IMPORT QUOTAS, DOMESTIC MARKET STRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM: THE CASE OF TAIWANESE RICE IMPORT

Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1994

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6881

Chang, Hung-Hao; de Gorter, Harry.

After joining the WTO in 2002, Taiwan allowed rice imports for the first time by implementing an import quota subject to a special safeguard tariff. In 2003, the import quota was expanded to a two-tier tariff rate import quota system. Although Taiwan maintained land set-asides and domestic support prices for producer sales to the State Trading Enterprise, the latter was limited to importing only 65 percent of the import quota with the rest sold to private traders. This sudden transformation of the Taiwanese import regime and rice market along with the government proposal for a "strategic alliance" amongst traders highlights the importance of studying the effects of policy reforms in the framework of imperfect domestic market structure. The purpose of...

CHALLENGES IN QUANTITATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN SUPPORT OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

Palavras-chave: Tariff rate quota; Strategic alliance; Domestic support; Market structure; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36274

Meilke, Karl D.; McClatchy, Don; de Gorter, Harry.

The Socially Optimal Import Tariff and Tax Credit for Ethanol with Farm Subsidies

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51215

de Gorter, Harry; Just, David R.; Tan, Qinwen.

We determine how the U.S. ethanol tax credit and import tariff affect the corn-ethanol-gasoline markets and how farm subsidies interact with these policies. We show how the ethanol tax credit and import tariff each uniquely affect the ethanol and gasoline prices. The ethanol import tariff alone increases the terms of trade in ethanol imports and corn exports, but decreases the terms of trade in gasoline imports and the tax costs of farm price supports. With price-contingent farm subsidies in place, the optimal tariff and tax credit will depend on the price level. When farm subsidy expenditures are high, import subsidies for ethanol may increase social welfare due to the substantial size of the fuel market relative to the corn market.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Tariffs; Tax credit; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49865

THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES IN THE UNITED STATES

de Gorter, Harry; Fisher, Eric O'N..

This article analyzes the dynamics effects of the farm subsidies in the United States. The subsidies a farmer receives are based upon historical plantings, also called based acreage. It is sometimes optimal for a farmer temporarily not to participate in a program in order to increase future subsidies. The farmer's optimal policy is the solution to a deterministic dynamic program. Farmers with low base acreage opt out of these programs, whereas those with high base acreage participate in them. The article examines aggregate data involving corn, cotton, rice, and wheat during 1987. It shows that these programs increase the output of each of these crops and represent an annual deadweight loss of more than $2 billion.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30961

Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production

de Gorter, Harry; Tsur, Yacov.

Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S....

EXPLAINING PRICE POLICY BIAS IN AGRICULTURE: A POLITICIAN-VOTER INTERACTION APPROACH

Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuel Production; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48927

de Gorter, Harry; Tsur, Yacov.

Explaining Inefficient Policy Instruments

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 1989

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13388

de Gorter, Harry.

The Implications of Alternative Biofuel Policies on Carbon Leakage

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48638

Drabik, Dusan; de Gorter, Harry; Just, David R..

We show carbon leakage depends on the type of biofuel policy (tax credit versus mandate), the domestic and foreign gasoline supply and fuel demand elasticities, and on consumption and production shares of world oil markets for the country introducing the biofuel policy. The components of carbon leakage – market leakage and emissions savings – are counteracting: carbon leakage increases with market leakage but decreases with emissions savings. We also distinguish domestic and international leakage where the latter is always positive, but domestic leakage can be negative with a mandate. The IPCC definition of leakage omits domestic leakage, resulting in biased estimates. Leakage with a tax credit always exceeds that of a mandate, while the combination of a...

ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH POLLUTION ABATEMENT VERSUS OUTPUT ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL REDUCTION: AN APPLICATION TO U.S. AGRICULTURE

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Tax credit; Mandate; Market leakage; Carbon leakage; Emissions savings; Domestic leakage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q27; Q41; Q42; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114432

Schamel, Guenter; de Gorter, Harry.

A model is developed that derives optimal pollution levels and determines the welfare economics of pollution reduction, differentiating between abatement and output reduction. It is suitable to analyze alternative policy instruments aimed to reduce external costs of agricultural production. The model is applied to the U.S. corn sector and we simulate the effects of stylized environmental policies for pesticide use on social welfare and environmental quality. The simulation results indicate that across policy scenarios, fairly modest reductions in output may induce significant gains in social welfare and environmental quality.

On the EU–U.S. Biodiesel ‘Splash & Dash' Controversy: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6853

de Gorter, Harry; Drabik, Dusan; Just, David R..

Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.

Efficiency Of Alternative Policies For The EC's Common Agricultural Policy

Palavras-chave: Splash & dash; Biodiesel; Blender’s tax credit; Tax exemption; Trade; European Union; Unites States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q27; Q42.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61425

de Gorter, Harry; Meilke, Karl D..

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 1988

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123559

Modeling Carbon Leakages with Forestation Policies

de Gorter, Harry; Drabik, Dusan; Just, David R..

This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...

BIOFUELS AND LEAKAGES IN THE FUEL MARKET

Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114450

Drabik, Dusan; de Gorter, Harry.

Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or consumption mandate. Two components of market leakage are distinguished: domestic and international. Leakage with both a tax credit and a consumption mandate depends on market elasticities and consumption/production shares, with the former having a bigger impact. Leakage is also more sensitive to changes in market supply and demand elasticities in the country not introducing biofuels. Although positive with a tax credit, market leakage can be negative with a consumption mandate, meaning that one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuels producer does not necessarily mean that...

AJAE Appendix: Cross-subsidization Due to Infra-Marginal Support in Agriculture: A General Theory and Empirical Evidence

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91265