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| Registros recuperados: 93 | |
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| Griffith, Garry R.. |
| Simultaneous equation techniques are used to examine the behaviour of wholesale and retail margins for beef, lamb, mutton and pork in Sydney. Hypotheses tested relate to price levelling and price averaging, and to marketing cost and turnover effects. Additionally, an attempt is made to discern the differences, if any, in the determination of retail margins between high- and low-income locations, and between traditional butcheries and supermarkets. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1974 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9143 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.. |
| This paper is concerned with determining the nature of and the relationships between movements in a number of New South Wales pig and pork price series. Spectral and cross-spectral methods are applied to some ten series differentiated by type of pig and market level. Results indicate that over the long term there are in general strong correlations between the various price pairings examined, but that in the shorter-run, price changes are not well reflected throughout the pig market. The role of imperfect information is noted as a major contributor to this observed short-run price independence. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1975 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9147 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.; Giles, L.R.. |
| This paper reports on a preliminary study which aimed to determine whether a proposed pig carcase description scheme could be regarded as appropriate for the needs of market participants in the Australian pig market. Regression techniques applied to carcase measurements and cut-out data revealed that those carcase characteristics used as the basis of the description scheme significantly explained wholesale and retail carcase values. Available evidence also suggests that market participants are using this measurement information in their trading activities. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1977 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9215 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.. |
| Spectral analysis is used to test hypotheses relating to regular four-year cycles in the Australian pig industry. The data point to the existence of annual cycles in production, slaughterings and prices, but four-year cycles are only evident in pig prices. Relationships between these series are also examined by cross-spectral analysis |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1977 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22484 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.. |
| This paper reports an ex ante evaluation of a proposed carcase description scheme for the Australian pig industry. Potential benefits and costs of the scheme are described and enumerated, and most likely estimates evaluated by benefit-cost analysis. The results indicate that the proposed scheme would generate net discounted efficiency benefits of almost $50m. A sensitivity analysis of important assumptions and parameter values is conducted, and in all cases NPV remains positive. The conclusion is that the ex ante pricing and operational efficiency benefits of the implementation of the scheme would outweigh the costs of achieving them. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1978 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10305 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.; Meilke, Karl D.. |
| Rapeseed, in terms of farm value, is the second most important crop grown in Canada. The existence of tariffs on rapeseed oil, in the major import markets of the EC and Japan, have led many to believe that the elimination of these tariffs would result in substantial benefits for Canada. This paper presents empirical evidence on the impacts of removing the EC and Japenese tariffs on rapeseed and soybean oil, both seperately and jointly. In general, Canada gains from rapeseed oil tariff reductions and loses from soybean oil tariff cuts. Canada also gains if the tariff is removed on both commodities in Japan but loses if both tariffs are reduced in the EC. |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1982 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123567 |
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| Vere, David T.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| Prime lamb has not received the same level of economic research as Australia's other major livestock markets and knowledge of the lamb market's operations remains relatively limited. This market has experienced increasing problems including highly variable saleyard prices, strong retail competition and calls for market reform. To date, there has been no quantitative mechanism for assessing the potential impacts of these issues on the state or national lamb markets. This paper reports the development of a quarterly econometric model of the New South Wales prime lamb market. The model considers prime lamb as a separate market entity and places emphasis on the demographic influences on supply response. The estimated model is validated under historical dynamic... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12266 |
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| Vere, David T.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| The market for Australian prime lamb is characterised by high production seasonality and a highly competitive retail demand. Because these factors often translate into substantial market variability, regular forecasts of supply and demand are important requirements of lamb market participants. There has been some forecasting activity in the state and national lamb markets but it has been a somewhat controversial activity. This paper assesses the comparative forecast accuracy of a range of methods in the New South Wales lamb market. The results indicate that no single method is clearly superior in all situations and the greatest scope for improving forecast accuracy in the New South Wales lamb market is through the use of combined econometric and naive... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22439 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.; Moore, Walter B.. |
| The New Zealand export meat industry has been through a considerable number of changes in the 1980s. The deregulation of export slaughter facilities, Supplementary Minimum Prices, Producer Board intervention, declining livestock numbers and domestic cost pressures have all affected the performance of the domestically based processing sector. Major changes in market access and demand have influenced off-shore marketing operations, particularly for sheepmeats. Additionally, there has been a change in the type of meat exported with a greater proportion of further processed product shipped in recent years. As an example of the impact of these developments on livestock producers, the producer share of the United Kingdom wholesale market return for a... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 1991 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22928 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.; Green, W.; Duff, G.L.. |
| Simultaneous equation techniques are used to re-examine the behaviour of monthly wholesale and retail price spreads for beef, lamb and pork in Sydney over the period 1971-1988, so as to understand the factors determining the relationships between the prices at the different market levels. Hypotheses tested relate to price levelling and price averaging, and to marketing cost and turnover effects. Using the preferred three-stage least squares estimates, price levelling is confirmed at both wholesale and retail for all meats, however contrary to earlier results there is no evidence of price averaging in any of the meats. Costs are only important determinants for beef at wholesale and lamb at retail, and only the beef and lamb wholesale spreads and the lamb... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1991 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12344 |
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| Griffith, Garry R.; Jamandre, W.E.; Piggott, Roley R.. |
| For tomatoes, potatoes, carrots and onions in the Sydney market, the degree of variability of the retail price is substantially lower than the degree of variability of the wholesale price. The objective here is to investigate whether fresh vegetable retailers in the Sydney market practice price levelling and price averaging. 2SLS and 3SLS procedures were used to estimate a system of price spread equations for the four vegetables using quarterly data from 1980 to 1990. In the preferred 3SLS estimates price levelling was confirmed for potatoes and carrots. Price levelling was not evident in the tomatoes and onions equations, with price transmission influenced more by markup pricing policies for these vegetables. No evidence of price-averaging behaviour was... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12502 |
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| Vere, David T.; Griffith, Garry R.; Bootle, B.W.. |
| The procedures adopted for incorporating breeding decisions in a livestock market model have implications for the simulation of the model. Specifically, there is a need to consider the nature of the biological lags between livestock breeding decisions and outputs, and how these are incorporated in the breeding inventory used in such a model. In this paper, five alternative breeding inventory specifications are used in a structural econometric model of the Australian prime lamb market. The predictions of lamb slaughterings and of price responses of lamb producers are affected by the specification of the lamb breeding inventory used. The extent to which the modelling results approximated reality was substantially improved when disaggregated and seasonally... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22739 |
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| Ridley, Emma J.H.; Morison, Julian B.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| Environmental regulations impose construction and recurring costs on Australian feedlot operators. However to date there has been no published empirical information on these costs of environmental regulation. Additionally, variations in regulations between states and inconsistencies in the application of these regulations may have resulted in a pattern of location different from that dictated by least cost grain and feeder cattle inputs and processing and transportation services. The aim of this study was to attempt to measure the cost of complying with environmental regulations by large commercial feedlots in different Australian states. From data provided from a survey of 20 commercial feedlots it was found that the average cost of complying with these... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12396 |
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| Vere, David T.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of alternate price determination specifications on the ability of a structural econometric model of the Australian prime lamb industry to accurately forecast saleyard lamb prices. Five variations of this model were specified according to the manner in which the farm prices of lamb were assumed to be determined. and these were used to produce 12 quarterly dynamic price forecasts over 1991:1 to 1993:4. The results confirmed the importance of the assumed nature of the price determination process in influencing the model's solution and its subsequent ability to forecast farm prices. Based on the forecasts' mean squared errors, the preferred specification was one which incorporated a traditional market... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12384 |
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| Hill, Debbie J.; Piggott, Roley R.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| In this paper the impact of changes in wool promotion expenditure and changes in expenditure on the promotion of competing fibres are examined using an equilibrium displacement model. The emphasis is on examining impacts on producer profits net of promotion expenditure and on benefit-cost ratios measuring changes in producer surplus relative to changes in promotion expenditure. It was found, for example, that incremental expenditure on apparel wool promotion on the domestic market is unprofitable but incremental expenditure on promotion of apparel wool on the export market is generally profitable. Further, it was found that increased promotion of cotton and man-made fibres on the export market, with promotion of apparel wool unchanged, would reduce profits... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22370 |
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| Low, J.M.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| A telephone survey was conducted of 919 farms from three shires in the sheep/wheat belt of New South Wales. Data from the cohort study spanning 18 months measured the incidence and profile of farm work related injury, risk factors and the range of costs associated with injury occurrence. On average. 22.6 per cent of farm businesses reported one or more injuries per year, while 8.3 per cent reported one or more serious injuries per year. Seven categories of injury were identified as significant problem areas. These were manual handling, eye, motorcycle-related, sheep-related, cattle-related, tractor-related and horse-related injuries. The costs associated with injury occurrence that were measured included medical treatment, transport for treatment,... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12369 |
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| Chang, Hui-Shung (Christie); Griffith, Garry R.. |
| Cointegration and impulse response analyses are used to investigate the short‐run and long‐run dynamics of the Australian beef market. The aim of this study is to determine whether long‐run relationships existed between Australian beef prices at the farm, wholesale and retail levels. Based on monthly data from 1971 to 1994, the results show that all three prices considered are cointegrated. Furthermore, the wholesale price is found to be weakly exogenous. The latter result might be an indication of market inefficiency due in part to price levelling often practised in the beef marketing system. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117283 |
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| Hill, Debbie J.; Piggott, Roley R.; Griffith, Garry R.. |
| The motivation for this study rests on two factors. First, Australian dairy farmers spend around $20 million annually on generic promotion and estimates of the returns from this expenditure are required to facilitate efficient investment decisions. Second, while the Australian dairy industry is currently highly regulated despite a substantial reduction in assistance over the past decade, manufacturing milk subsidies are to be eliminated by 2000 and market milk regulations are being reviewed. The profit potential of promotion may vary with the degree of regulation, so past estimates of the returns from promotion may not hold in the competitive environment of the future. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of government intervention on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Generic promotion; Dairy; Equilibrium displacement modelling; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12913 |
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| Registros recuperados: 93 | |
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