SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Guajardo, Ramon; Rios, Maricela.

Este artículo estudia el impacto de NAFTA, TLCUEM y de la integración de China a la OMC en el mercado mundial de la berenjena. Los impactos son medidos en términos de cambios en los flujos comerciales y en los precios. Se especificó y estimó un modelo de equilibrio espacial con precios endógenos y se simularon escenarios alternativos: con y sin la operación de los tratados y la integración de China a la OMC. Los resultados mostraron que la operación de estos tratados crea desviación de comercio. Además, la integración de China a la OMC aun con libre comercio mundial no impacta al mercado mundial de la berenjena.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Modelos de equilibrio espacial; Mercado de la berenjena; Programación cuadrática; Liberación comercial.; Agricultural and Food Policy; C6; D4; F1; N5.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57282

Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village

Kuiper, Marijke H.; Ruben, Ruerd.

Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW...

Food Quality Standards in Equilibrium Models: A Discussion of Current Modeling Approaches

Palavras-chave: Less-favored areas; Farm households; Poverty; Erosion; Micro-simulation; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q12; Q56.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25340

Nolte, Stephan; Rau, Marie-Luise.

Throughout recent year food quality standards have become a ubiquitous phenomenon that nationally and globally influences agri-food markets. With equilibrium models commonly used in the quantitative analysis of market and trade effects, we review possible approaches to modeling standards existent in the literature, elaborate the reasoning behind them and discuss their suitability to reflect "real world" situations. While the modeling approaches identified may respectively depict a specific situation, they may not be appropriate in others. That is they capture certain effects of standards only. With increasing ability to account for the various effects of standards, the modeling approaches become more complex and the data requirements increase.

Modelling the Impact of Decoupling on Structural Change in Farming: Integrating Econometric Estimation and Optimisation

Palavras-chave: Food quality; Standards; Modeling approaches; Equilibrium models; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; F1; C6; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25653

Hennessy, Thia C.; Rehman, Tahir.

Implementation of the Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy on farming in Europe is expected, and intended, to initiate structural changes in European agriculture. This impact of the agricultural policy reform will be triggered at the farm level with both up- and down-stream effects for agriculture in Europe. Modelling such a phenomenon is challenging. An integrated modelling approach, involving farm level optimisation models and exogenously estimated econometric models of farmer behaviour, is developed for Ireland; this framework is a general one and is applicable elsewhere. Entry and exit from farming, postulated as the main consequences of the policy reform, are estimated exogenously to determine their role in the allocation of farm labour....

Generating Global Crop Distribution Maps: From Census to Grid

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Farm Level Modelling; Linear Programming; Succession; Labour Allocation; Agricultural and Food Policy; C6; Q12; Q15; Q58.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25271

You, Liangzhi; Wood, Stanley; Wood-Sichra, Ulrike.

In order to evaluate food security, technology potential and the environmental impacts of production in a strategic and regional context, it is critical to have reliable information on the spatial distribution and coincidence of people, agricultural production, and environmental services. This paper proposes a spatial allocation model for generating highly disaggregated, crop-specific production data by a triangulation of any and all relevant background and partial information. This includes national or sub-national crop production statistics, satellite data on land cover, maps of irrigated areas, biophysical crop suitability assessments, population density, secondary data on irrigation and rainfed production systems, cropping intensity, and crop prices....

Applying Optimization to the Conservation Project Selection Process: A Case Study of Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative

Palavras-chave: Global; Cross entropy; Satellite image; Spatial allocation; Agricultural production; Crop suitability; Crop Production/Industries; C6; Q15; Q24.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25737

Liu, Zhuo; Messer, Kent D.; Korch, Mary A.; Bounds, Thomas.

This study presents a thorough discussion of the efficiency and effectiveness improvement from optimization models (Binary Linear Programming and Goal Programming), as applied to the Department of Defense’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative. The OM models can yield 21% and 19.1% higher benefit scores respectively, spending $13,013,473 and $31,463,473 less total acquisition costs. To achieve the same level of conservation benefits for the current rank based approach, the REPI would spend additional $20.1 million and approximate 50% of the budget. A counterpart of OM- the cost-effective analysis is observed to be inefficient when the problem becomes complex. In a real world of political environment of the conservation programs, we suggest a...

Prescriptive use of Environmental Indices: A "How To" Guide for Conservation Programs

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q24.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103997

Cattaneo, Andrea.

A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results.

CAP Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Belgian Agriculture: A Malmquist Index Approach

Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; H57; Q21; Q28.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24764

Coelli, Tim J.; Perelman, Sergio; Van Lierde, Dirk.

Have the 1992 and 2000 CAP reforms had any discernable effect upon agricultural productivity? In this study we derive detailed information on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of arable farms in Belgium over a 16-year period from 1987 to 2002. Calculations are based on a carefully constructed high-quality detailed farm-level data set containing 1728 observations, involving over 100 farms in most years. Three output variables (cereals, other crops, other outputs) and four input variables (land, labour, capital and other inputs) are constructed, using multilateral Fisher index numbers where crop aggregation is required. The TFP measures are calculated using a Malmquist TFP index relative to a series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) frontiers....

Land Transactions in the North of Vietnam: A Modelling Approach

Palavras-chave: CAP reforms; Belgian agriculture; Total factor productivity; Malmquist index; Shadow shares; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; C6; D2; O4; Q1.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25472

Van Hung, Pham; MacAulay, T. Gordon.

The use of mathematical models to describe the interactions of variables is useful in modern management. In this paper, a 'mixed' model combining the knapsack problem, a household model and a form of spatial equilibrium model into a modelling framework is developed. The impacts of changes in off-farm wage rates, transaction costs in the rental market, the output prices of paddy crops, and land transactions were examined in the model. The simulation has led to the conclusion that the real benefits to farm households from land consolidation may not be apparent until the real opportunity cost of farm labour begins to rise. In addition, a reform policy in the administrative sector which encourages, not only the process of land accumulation and the rental...

OPTIMAL MARKETING DECISIONS FOR FEEDER CATTLE UNDER PRICE AND PRODUCTION RISK

Palavras-chave: Land transactions; Modelling; Knapsack problem; Vietnam; Land Economics/Use; C6; Q15; Q24.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25601

Wang, Xuecai; Dorfman, Jeffrey H.; McKissick, John C.; Turner, Steven C..

In many parts of the U.S., beef cattle production is a large sector of the agricultural economy, yet few of the cattle are stockered; instead the production is focused on cow-calf operations only. Restricting their operation to only the first phase of beef production may be limiting the cattle owners' profit potential. This paper examines the opportunities for operators to earn additional profit from stockering cattle. Using a representative risk-averse producer, a decision set with seven possible marketing strategies is elevated for the optimal decision in a Bayesian framework which allows for price and production risk. We find that in many instances retaining the cattle for stockering is a superior decision when done in conjunction with specific...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cattle; Decision science; Estimation risk; Marketing; Livestock Production/Industries; C6; D2; Q1.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15442

An ex-ante analysis of distributional effects of the CAP on western German farm incomes

Deppermann, Andre; Grethe, Harald; Offermann, Frank.

This study is concerned with measuring impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on farm income distribution of western Germany. Not only the sheer contribution of market price support and direct payments as a proportion of income is taken into account, but also the impact of support on production incentives. For this purpose, we apply a modelling system consisting of a partial equilibrium model and a programming model. Based on a comparison of Gini coefficients and a decomposition of overall inequality effects we conclude that liberalization of the agricultural sector leads to a more unequal distribution of family farm income in relative terms, whereas a liberalized market provides a more equal situation in absolute terms.

Controlling Ozone and Fine Particulates: Cost Benefit Analysis with Meteorological Variability

Palavras-chave: Income distribution; CAP; Farm Group Model; Equilibrium Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q12; Q18; C54; C6; D31.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99428

Shih, Jhih-Shyang; Bergin, Michelle S.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Russell, Armistead G..

In this paper, we develop an integrated cost-benefit analysis framework for ozone and fine particulate control, accounting for variability and uncertainty. The framework includes air quality simulation, sensitivity analysis, stochastic multi-objective air quality management, and stochastic cost-benefit analysis. This paper has two major contributions. The first is the development of stochastic source-receptor (S-R) coefficient matrices for ozone and fine particulate matter using an advanced air quality simulation model (URM-1ATM) and an efficient sensitivity algorithm (DDM-3D). The second is a demonstration of this framework for alternative ozone and PM2.5 reduction policies. Alternative objectives of the stochastic air quality management model include...

Optimal crop protection against climate risk in a dynamic cost-loss decision-making model

Palavras-chave: Ambient air; Ozone; Particulate matter; Risk management; Public policy; Cost-benefit analysis; Variability and uncertainty; Stochastic simulation; Stochastic multi-objective programming; Decision-making; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q2; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10735

Quiroga, Sonia; Cerda, Emilio.

Extreme meteorological events have increased over the last decade and it is widely accepted that it is due to climate change. Some of these extremes like drought or frost episodes largely affect agricultural outputs that could face a serious decline. Therefore, additional efforts on technology and adaptation become crucial to reduce the effect of climate change on agricultural production. Protection against adverse weather extremes is a significant component of risk management and large protection decisions need dynamic treatment, such as the vineyards or citrus protection against frost (Murphy et al., 1985), the water management for cereals irrigation in drought shortage contexts, the “options and futures” exchange markets decisions for major crops in...

Theoretical frameworks for a productivity and efficiency analysis of agricultural enterprises

Palavras-chave: Information value; Cost-loss ratio; Dynamic decision models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C6; Q1.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51702

Lissitsa, Alexej; Babitcheva, Tamara.

Das Hauptziel des vorliegenden "Discussions Paper" ist es, den russischsprachigen Leser mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Produktivitäts- und Effizienzanalyse der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen vertraut zu machen. In der russischsprachigen Literatur wurden und werden bis zu heutigem Zeitpunkt in der Regel bei der Analyse der Effizienz der Unternehmen, die Kennzahlen der Rentabilität verwendet, deren Bedeutungen nach den einzelnen Unternehmen oder ihren Gruppen verglichen werden. In dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Darstellung der im englischsprachigem Raum weitverbreiteten Methoden zur Effizienz und Produktivitätsanalyse. Die Arbeit ist so aufgebaut, dass zuerst die Unterschiede zwischen der Produktivität und Effizienz aus theoretischen Sicht erklärt und...

A 2004 Social Accounting Matrix for Israel: Documentation of an Economy-Wide Database with a Focus on Agriculture, the Labour Market, and Income Distribution

Palavras-chave: Produktivität; Effizienz; Indexzahlentheorie; Malmquist; Törnkvist; Fisher Index; Productivity; Efficiency; Index Number Theory; Продуктивность; Эффективность; Теория индексов; Малмквист; Торнквист и Фишер индексы.; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B4; C6; D2; O3; O4.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92170

Siddig, Khalid H.A.; Flaig, Dorothee; Luckmann, Jonas; Grethe, Harald.

This document describes the Israeli Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year 2004, developed by the Agricultural and Food Policy Group at the University of Hohenheim. The SAM is a part of a larger research project which aims to analyse several economic, trade, and labour policies in the context of economic integration of agriculture between Israel and the West Bank. Data are obtained from various sources in Israel. Sources include the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS), the Central Bank of Israel (CBI), and the Israeli Tax Authority (ITA). Data from sources outside of Israel are used to fill-in some gaps in the domestic reports. External sources include the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and...

Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola

Palavras-chave: SAM; IO Table; CGE; Database; Israel.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; C6; C8; D1; D3; D5; D6; E2; E6; F1; F2; H2.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110156

Ramirez, Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez, Ramon.

Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...

Forecasting World Crop Yields as Probability Distributions

Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734

Ferris, John N..

Traditionally, agricultural forecasts, whether for the coming year or several years into the future, have been based on assumptions of normal weather and trend crop yields. That weather is seldom normal and that yields seldom fit trends are well recognized. However, relatively little attention has been given to projecting crop yields stochastically even though computer capacity and software programs are available to do so. One reason is that the task is more challenging than to assign standard deviations to various crop yields and simulate normal distributions using random number generators. For one, deviations of crop yields from trends may be correlated especially if the locations of the crops overlap such as is the case with US corn and soybeans. To...

Impacts of labour on interactions between economics and animal welfare in extensive sheep farms

Palavras-chave: Crop yields Crop yield correlations; Stochastic forecasting Econometric modeling; Non-normal crop yield distribution Risk assessment; Crop Production/Industries; C6; Q11.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25649

Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda; Dwyer, Cathy M.; Erhard, H.W.; Morgan-Davies, Claire; Waterhouse, A.; Milne, Catherine E.; Kupiec-Teahan, Beata; Ringrose, Sian; Goddard, Pete; Phillips, Kate; Stott, Alistair W..

This study quantified interactions between animal welfare and farm profitability in British extensive sheep farming systems. Qualitative welfare assessment methodology was used to assess welfare from the animal's perspective in 20 commercial extensive sheep farms and to estimate labour demand for welfare, based on the assessed welfare scores using data collected from farm inventories. The estimated labour demand was then used as a coefficient in a linear program based model to establish the gross margin maximising farm management strategy for given farm situations, subject to constraints that reflected current resource limitations including labour supply. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the qualitative welfare assessment...

INCORPORATING RISK IN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Sheep; Labour; Animal Welfare; Linear Programme; Livestock Production/Industries; C6; Q10; Q19; Q57.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91803

Shaik, Saleem; Helmers, Glenn A..

Using a non-parametric linear programming approach, our contribution is (1) to examine the impact of incorporating risk in efficiency analysis and (2) to compare the efficiency measures with and without risk for continuous and rotation cropping systems. The model uses Nebraska cropping system data for the period, 1986-2000. Results indicate lower efficiency gains are realized with the incorporation of risk. The t-test at the 5% level of significance examining if efficiency measures are significantly different from one is also reported.

The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment

Palavras-chave: Risk; Efficiency; Non-parametric; Cropping Systems; Risk and Uncertainty; O3; C6; Q1.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35063

Siddig, Khalid H.A..

The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome. This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly,...