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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (15) Autor Dutschke, Michael (2) Fischer, Carolyn (2) Gaisford, James D. (2) Michaelowa, Axel (2) Zhang, ZhongXiang (2) Allwardt, Jennifer (1) Alvim, Augusto Mussi (1) Dechezlepretre, Antoine (1) Glachant, Matthieu (1) Jahn, Michael (1) Jung, Martina (1) Liptow, Holger (1) Meniere, Yann (1) Raubenheimer, Stefan (1) Santin, Maria Fernanda Cavalieri De Lima (1) Schlamadinger, Bernhard (1) Wong, Jenny L.P. (1) Zhao, Xingshu (1) ZhongXiang, Zhang (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Clean Development Mechanism (15) Environmental Economics and Policy (13) China (4) Q54 (4) Energy Saving (3) Forestry (3) International Development (3) International Relations/Trade (3) Kyoto Protocol (3) Q25 (3) Q42 (3) Q48 (3) Q58 (3) Renewable Energy (3) Asymmetric information (2) Climate policy (2) Copenhagen Accord (2) D8 (2) Greenhouse gas emissions (2) O13 (2) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (11) Journal Article (2) Conference Paper or Presentation (1) Thesis (1) Ano 2011 (1) 2010 (4) 2009 (1) 2008 (1) 2007 (1) 2004 (3) 2003 (3) 2002 (1) Mais... País United States (15) Idioma Inglês (14) Português (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 15 Primeira ... 1 ... Última CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province AgEcon Zhao, Xingshu; Michaelowa, Axel. This paper aims to examine the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to address energy- related issues during the rural transition process in China, using a case study of quickly urbanizing and industrializing Yinzhou district in coastal Zhejiang province. Yinzhou's per capita GDP reached US$ 3100 in 2002, three times China's average, and is targeted to achieve $10,000 in 2020. We assess the current energy status of Yinzhou, and provide projections of energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. Energy resource shortages and limited possibilities to obtain coal-fired electricity from national grid illustrate the opening gap between energy supply and demand. We find that Yinzhou's CDM potential is concentrated in efficiency... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; China; Urbanization; Energy efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 540; Q 580. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26152 From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge AgEcon Gaisford, James D.. In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90593 Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information AgEcon Fischer, Carolyn. Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baseline emissions; Asymmetric information; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10520 Practical Issues Concerning Temporary Carbon Credits in the CDM AgEcon Dutschke, Michael; Schlamadinger, Bernhard. Afforestation and reforestation (AR) projects in the Clean Development Mechanism are able to create emission permits that can be accounted against the industrialized countries' commitments for limiting their greenhouse gas emissions, as agreed under the Kyoto Protocol. The discussion of how to treat credits from temporary carbon stocks is centering on the proposal for expiring emission credits from AR, which in the subsequent commitment period need to be replaced. While the basic methodological question is thus being solved, the practicalities arising from the solution have so far not been considered. The authors make new proposals on accounting modalities, define the tCER value as compared to a permanent CER, and forecast who will be the potential buyers... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26241 Measuring the Potential of Unilateral CDM - A Pilot Study - AgEcon Jahn, Michael; Michaelowa, Axel; Raubenheimer, Stefan; Liptow, Holger. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was originally seen as an instrument with a bilateral character where an entity from an industrialised country invests in a project in a developing country (DC). Also, multilateral funds were envisaged that would bundle investments to spread project risks. The sluggish implementation of incentives for industrialised country companies to embark on CDM projects and low carbon prices led to a preference of just buying Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) instead of investing in projects. Thus a third option has gained prominence - the unilateral option where the project development is planned and financed within the DC. We propose that a project should be called "pure unilateral" if it involves no foreign direct... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Unilateral; Institutions; Project participants; Financing; Risk premium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26400 Carbon Credit Payment Options for Agroforestry Projects in Africa AgEcon Allwardt, Jennifer. The potential of using carbon offset credits from agroforestry projects for farmers in developing areas has become more prevalent in both Clean Development Mechanism and voluntary carbon markets. Since the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, many international development organizations have been interested in using the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to help both mitigate CO2 emissions through agroforestry projects offsets and as a poverty reduction tool. Few organizations that have begun talking with farmers about planting trees for carbon offset credits have been able to tell the farmers how much money they would receive from their new tree growth or the costs they will incur in doing so. For this study, a whole farm budget toolkit was designed to... Tipo: Thesis Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Budget toolkit; Carbon credits; Clean Development Mechanism; Payment methods; Smallholder farmers; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Land Economics/Use; O13; O22; R30; Q54. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118497 From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge AgEcon Gaisford, James D.. In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90592 Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines AgEcon Fischer, Carolyn. Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baselines; Asymmetric information; Offsets; Emissions reduction; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10836 The Role of Forestry Sinks in the CDM - Analysing the Effects of Policy Decisions on the Carbon Market AgEcon Jung, Martina. The details on rules and modalities for the inclusion of forestry projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are one of the last non resolved implementation issues of the Kyoto Protocol. We examine in detail the implications of different policy decisions concerning the inclusion of CDM forestry sink enhancement projects in the first commitment period of the climate regime (2008-2012). Our analysis is based on the development of marginal forestry cost curves which are implemented into the carbon market model CERT. The latter is a partial equilibrium model of the international market for emissions permits under the Kyoto Protocol. The scenario analysis sheds light on the role of CDM forestry sinks in the climate regime, the effect of different policy... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; CERT; LULUCF; Marginal cost curves; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26293 China in the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy AgEcon Zhang, ZhongXiang. China, from its own perspective cannot afford to, and from an international perspective, is not allowed to continue on the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the environment. The country needs to transform its economy to effectively address concern about a range of environmental problems from burning fossil fuels and steeply rising oil import and international pressure to exhibit greater ambition in fighting global climate change. This paper first discusses China’s own efforts towards energy saving and pollutants cutting, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism, and puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective. Given that transition to a low carbon... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; Nuclear Power; Power Generation; Oil and Gas; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; China; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91009 Is It Fair to Treat China as a Christmas Tree to Hang Everybody’s Complaints? Putting its Own Energy Saving into Perspective AgEcon ZhongXiang, Zhang. China had been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. However, recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper first discusses whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Post-Kyoto Climate Negotiations; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q53; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52341 In What Format and under What Timeframe Would China Take on Climate Commitments? A Roadmap to 2050 AgEcon Zhang, ZhongXiang. In what format and under what timeframe China would take on climate commitments is of significant relevance to China because it is facing great pressure both inside and outside international climate negotiations to exhibit greater ambition and is being confronted with the threats of trade measures. It is of significant global relevance as well because when China’s emissions peak is crucial to determine when global emissions would peak and because what China is going to do in what format has significant implications for the level and ambition of commitments from other countries. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper maps out the roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050. Taking many factors... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94843 OS IMPACTOS DA DEMANDA POR CRÉDITO DE CARBONO SOBRE O MERCADO DE CERTIFICAÇÕES DE REDUÇÕES DE EMISSÕES NO BRASIL AgEcon Alvim, Augusto Mussi; Santin, Maria Fernanda Cavalieri De Lima. o objetivo deste estudo é estimar o tamanho do mercado potencial de Certificados de Reduções de Emissões, CREs, no âmbito do Protocolo de Quioto, para o período de 2008 a 2012. A partir desta estimativa, avaliam-se os efeitos causados pelo aumento da demanda dos CREs em possíveis cenários, no que refere à receita proveniente da comercialização dos CREs e dos investimentos afins. A metodologia utilizada, denominada Identidade Kaya, consiste no cálculo das emissões derivadas de fatores tais como: a evolução da renda per capita, o crescimento populacional, a intensidade energética e a intensidade de dióxido de carbono, em cenários que tentam captar a adoção de tecnologias de menor potencial poluidor. O trabalho aborda os principais aspectos do Protocolo de... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Aquecimento terrestre; Mercado de Certificados de Reduções de Emissões; Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo; Global Warming; Market of Certified Emission Reductions; Clean Development Mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108975 Can Permanence Be Insured? Consideration of Some Technical and Practical Issues of Insuring Carbon Credits from Afforestation and Reforestation AgEcon Wong, Jenny L.P.; Dutschke, Michael. Greenhouse gas (GHG) removals by afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are vulnerable to a variety of risks and uncertainties, resulting in the partial or total reversal of such removals. Hence, GHG removals from these sink activities are considered to be of temporary nature and non-permanent. Specific modalities related to non-permanence will need to be developed in order to include afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and for a decision on modalities to be reached at COP 9 in December 2003. Two main options on how to address non-permanence have been proposed, these being temporary credits and insurance of emission reduction credits. This paper discusses... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Insurance; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26270 The Clean Development Mechanism and the International Diffusion of Technologies: An Empirical Study AgEcon Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Glachant, Matthieu; Meniere, Yann. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower – albeit positive – impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Clean Development Mechanism; International Technology Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q55. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6920 Registros recuperados: 15 Primeira ... 1 ... Última

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