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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (24) Ecology and Society (1) Autor Jotzo, Frank (4) Pezzey, John C.V. (4) Daigneault, Adam J. (2) Fischer, Carolyn (2) Mazouz, Salim (2) Newell, Richard G. (2) Pizer, William A. (2) Rose, Steven K. (2) Sheldon, Ian M. (2) Avetisyan, Misak (1) Baksa, Adrienn (1) Beach, Robert H. (1) Bernard, Jean-Thomas (1) Betz, Regina (1) Bosetti, Valentina (1) Bovenberg, A. Lans (1) Boyd, David R. (1) Burtraw, Dallas (1) Carraro, Carlo (1) Cramton, Peter (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Climate policy (25) Environmental Economics and Policy (20) Resource /Energy Economics and Policy (5) Carbon leakage (3) Q54 (3) Agricultural and Food Policy (2) Asymmetric information (2) Australia (2) Clean Development Mechanism (2) Climate change (2) D58 (2) D8 (2) Emission trading (2) Emissions trading (2) Lobbying (2) Political Economy (2) Q4 (2) Targets (2) Uncertainty (2) Adaptive management (1) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (9) Journal Article (6) Conference Paper or Presentation (5) Report (2) Peer-Reviewed Synthesis (1) Presentation (1) Working Paper (1) Mais... Ano 2012 (1) 2011 (2) 2010 (9) 2009 (5) 2008 (1) 2005 (1) 2004 (3) 2002 (1) 2001 (1) 2000 (1) Mais... País United States (24) Canada (1) Idioma Inglês (24) Húngaro (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 25 Primeira ... 1 2 ... Última How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing Biodiversity under Future Climates? Ecology and Society Sinclair, Steve J; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; steve.sinclair@dse.vic.gov.au; White, Matthew D; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Matt.White@dse.vic.gov.au; Newell, Graeme R; Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Sustainability and Environment; Graeme.Newell@dse.vic.gov.au. Climate change presents unprecedented challenges for biological conservation. Agencies are increasingly looking to modeled projections of species’ distributions under future climates to inform management strategies. As government scientists with a responsibility to communicate the best available science to our policy colleagues, we question whether current modeling approaches and outputs are practically useful. Here, we synthesize conceptual problems with species distribution models (SDMs) associated with interspecific interactions, dispersal, ecological equilibria and time lags, evolution, and the sampling of niche space. Although projected SDMs have undoubtedly been critical in alerting us to the magnitude of climate change impacts, we conclude... Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Climatic envelope; Decision support; Distribution modeling; Niche; Spatial modeling; Species interaction.. Ano: 2010 Climate Policy and Border Tax Adjustments: Some New Wine Mixed with Old Wine in New Green Bottles? AgEcon Sheldon, Ian M.. Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594 Economic Impacts of GHG and Nutrient Reduction Policies in New Zealand: A Tale of Two Catchments AgEcon Daigneault, Adam J.; Greenhalgh, Suzie; Samarasinghe, Oshadhi. Agricultural and forestry GHG emissions are a key feature of New Zealand’s emissions profile, and New Zealand is the only country, to date, to have indicated that agricultural and forestry emissions will be covered under their domestic climate policy – the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme. Coupled with climate policy development is the increasing scrutiny of agricultural impacts on water. This paper uses New Zealand Forest and Agriculture Regional Model (NZ-FARM) to assess the potential economic and environmental impacts of imposing both a climate and nutrient reduction policy on the agricultural and forestry industries in the Manawatu and Hurunui/Waiau catchments in New Zealand. We find that adding a scheme that reduces catchment-level nutrients by... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture and forestry modelling; Land use; Climate policy; Water quality; Greenhouse gas emissions; Nutrient leaching; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124284 Global Food Production under Alternative Scenarios AgEcon Huan-Niemi, Ellen; Niemi, Janne; Niemi, Jyrki S.. www.ifama.org Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Global food production; Agriculture trade liberalisation; Climate policy; EU agricultural subsidies; Economic recession; Agribusiness; Q17; Q18; Q54. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96333 Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information AgEcon Fischer, Carolyn. Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baseline emissions; Asymmetric information; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10520 The Role of R&D and Technology Diffusion in Climate Change Mitigation: New Perspectives Using the Witch Model AgEcon Bosetti, Valentina; Carraro, Carlo; Duval, Romain; Sgobbi, Alessandra; Tavoni, Massimo. This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&D: R&D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Energy R&D; Fund; Stabilisation costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; H0; H2; H3; H4; O3; Q32; Q43; Q54. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50363 Uncertain Climate Policy and the Green Paradox AgEcon Smulders, Sjak; Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos. Unintended consequences of announcing a climate policy well in advance of its implementation have been studied in a variety of situations. We show that a phenomenon akin to the so-called “Green- Paradox” holds also when the policy implementation date is uncertain. Governments are compelled, by international and domestic pressure, to demonstrate an intention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Taking actual steps, such as imposing a carbon tax on fossil energy, is a different matter altogether and depends on a host of political considerations. As a result, economic agents often consider the policy implementation date to be uncertain. We show that in the interim period between the policy announcement and its actual implementation the emission of green-house... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon tax; Uncertainty; Green paradox; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93129 The logic of collective action and Australia’s Climate Policy AgEcon Pezzey, John C.V.; Mazouz, Salim; Jotzo, Frank. The Australian Government's Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), March 2009, set a target of 5 to 15 per cent emission cuts during 2000 and 2020. The proposed target is weak and is likely to increase mitigation costs in Australia in the long run. This research report analyses the target’s efficiency as well as provisions for preventing carbon leakage. The research also looks at the nature of changes to the CPRS made during 2008 as well as the likely cause of these changes. The free allocation of output-linked, tradable permits to Emissions-Intensive, Trade-Exposed (EITE) sectors was much higher than previously proposed and greater than what is needed to prevent carbon leakage. This means EITE emissions could rise by 13 per cent during 2010 and... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Australia; Targets; Emission trading; Carbon leakage; Lobbying; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94824 Cap-and-Trade: The Evolution of an Economic Idea AgEcon Tietenberg, Tom. Over the past three decades or so, emissions trading has evolved from an idea that was little more than an academic curiosity to its current role as the centerpiece of the U.S. program to control acid rain and international programs to control greenhouse gases. This essay identifies some of the key milestones of this evolution, describes how that evolution was shaped by economic analysis, elicits some of the lessons about the design and effectiveness of emissions trading that have emerged from analysis of that evolution, and points out a few of the barriers that lie in the path of achieving a truly global carbon market. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap-and-trade; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95836 Global Climate Policy and Corresponding Activities on a City-Level AgEcon Sippel, Maike. Cities are not affected by global climate policy and the Kyoto Protocol - however many of them engage in voluntary activities. This paper analyses how communities in general and especially the city of Hamburg can contribute to global climate protection in their citypartnerships according to the slogan "think global, act local". Possible activities are in the fields of awareness-raising, capacity-building, exchange of experiences and joint project implementation. A focus is layed on projects according to the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in north-south citypartnerships. There is a clear potential for reduction of transaction costs in this kind of projects due to the institutional links of the citypartnership. For Hamburg, CDM-potential... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: CDM; Citypartnership; Climate policy; Hamburg; Kyoto Protocol; Transaction costs; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26247 MODELING ALTERNATIVE POLICIES FOR GHG MITIGATION FROM FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE AgEcon Beach, Robert H.; Daigneault, Adam J.; McCarl, Bruce A.; Rose, Steven K.. A key consideration for development of energy and climate policy affecting the forestry and agricultural sectors is that the selection of specific mechanisms implemented to achieve bioenergy production and/or greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets may have substantial effects on landowner incentives to adopt alternative practices. For instance, the prices of allowances and offsets are expected to diverge under some policies being considered where there is a binding cap on the quantity of offsets from the agricultural and forest sectors. In addition, provisions that limit or exclude specific practices from receiving carbon payments will affect the quantity and cost of GHG mitigation opportunities available. In this study, the recently updated Forest and... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Energy policy; FASOMGHG; GHG mitigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q42; Q54. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91394 Az éghajlatváltozás növekvő szerepe a közösségi szakpolitikákban, különös tekintettel a közös agrárpolitikára AgEcon Baksa, Adrienn. Az éghajlatváltozás globális hatásainak Európa is kiszolgáltatott. Így megnövekedett annak az igénye, hogy az Európai Unió adaptációs és mitigációs intézkedéseket építsen be szakpolitikáiba. Hosszabb távra azonban összehangolt és megfelelő pénzügyi háttérrel rendelkező EU-s klímastratégia szükséges. A megváltozó éghajlat kulcstényező az európai mezőgazdaság és vidék fejlődésében, ezért a közeljövő Közös Agrárpolitikáját (KAP) már ehhez javasolt igazítani. A fenntartható termelést elősegítik a 2007–2013-as EU-s vidékfejlesztési intézkedések, melyek nagy része a mitigációt is ösztönzi. Ezért az EU további vidékfejlesztési többletforrásokat csoportosított az éghajlatváltozás okozta hatások mérséklésére és az adaptáció növelésére. Véleményem szerint az EU... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Éghajlatváltozás; EU; Klímapolitika; Közös agrárpolitika; Vidékfejlesztés; Climate change; EU; Climate policy; Common Agricultural Policy; Rural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99134 Auctioning Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits in Australia AgEcon Betz, Regina; Seifert, Stefan; Cramton, Peter; Kerr, Suzi. Allocating permits based on individual historical emissions (‘grandfathering’), or industry benchmark data, is an important design aspect of an emissions trading scheme. Free permit allocation has proven complex and inefficient (particularly in the European Union) with distribution implications also politically difficult to justify. For these reasons, auctioning emissions permits has become more popular than allocating permits. The European Union is now moving towards auctioning more than 50 per cent of all permits in 2013. In the US, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) has started with auctioning 100 per cent of permits. The Australian proposal for a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) also provides for auctioning a significant share of... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Greenhouse gases; Auctions; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94878 The Relative Role of Land in Climate Policy AgEcon Golub, Alla A.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Rose, Steven K.; Sohngen, Brent; Avetisyan, Misak. Replaced with revised version of paper 06/26/09. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Land use related emissions; Carbon forest sequestration; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49513 Modeling Economywide versus Sectoral Climate Policies Using Combined Aggregate-Sectoral Models AgEcon Pizer, William A.; Burtraw, Dallas; Harrington, Winston; Newell, Richard G.; Sanchirico, James N.. Economic analyses of climate change policies frequently focus on reductions of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions via market-based, economywide policies. The current course of environment and energy policy debate in the United States, however, suggests an alternative outcome: inefficiently designed and/or sector-based policies. This paper uses a collection of specialized, sector-based models in conjunction with a computable general equilibrium model of the economy to examine and compare these policies at an aggregate level. We examine the relative cost of different policies designed to achieve the same quantity of emissions reductions. We find that excluding a limited number of sectors from an economywide policy does not significantly raise costs.... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Climate policy; General equilibrium model; Partial equilibrium model; Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; D58; D61; Q48. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10502 Tax-Versus-Trading and Free Emission Shares as Issues for Climate Policy Design AgEcon Pezzey, John C.V.; Jotzo, Frank. We give empirical welfare results for global greenhouse gas emission control, using the first multiparty model to combine tax-versus-trading under uncertainties with revenue recycling. Including multiple parties greatly reduces the welfare advantage of an emissions tax over emissions (permit) trading in handling abatement-cost uncertainties, from that shown by existing, single-party literature. But a tax has a different, much bigger advantage, from better handling uncertainties in business-as-usual emissions. Either mechanism's free emissions share, from tax thresholds or free permits, which lowers its possible welfare gain from revenue recycling, may however dominate any tax-versus-trading advantage. Moreover, political and practical constraints, such as... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Emission pricing; Tax vs. trading; Uncertainties; Revenue recycling; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D810; H230; Q580. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95049 Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines AgEcon Fischer, Carolyn. Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baselines; Asymmetric information; Offsets; Emissions reduction; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10836 Neutralizing the Adverse Industry Impacts of CO2 Abatement Policies: What Does It Cost? AgEcon Bovenberg, A. Lans; Goulder, Lawrence H.. The most cost-effective policies for achieving CO2 abatement (e.g., carbon taxes) are considered politically unacceptable because of distributional consequences. This paper explores policies designed to address distributional concerns. Using an intertemporal, numerical general equilibrium model of the United States, we examine how efficiency costs change when CO2 abatement policies include elements that neutralize adverse impacts on energy industries. We find that desirable distributional outcomes can be achieved at relatively low cost in terms of efficiency. Without substantial added cost to the overall economy, the government can implement carbon abatement policies that protect profits and equity values in fossil-fuel industries. The key to this... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Distributional impacts; General equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; H22; L51; D58. Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10647 Discounting the Distant Future: How Much Do Uncertain Rates Increase Valuations? AgEcon Newell, Richard G.; Pizer, William A.. Costs and benefits in the distant future-such as those associated with global warming, long-lived infrastructure, hazardous and radioactive waste, and biodiversity-often have little value today when measured with conventional discount rates. We demonstrate that when the future path of this conventional rate is uncertain and persistent (i.e., highly correlated over time), the distant future should be discounted at lower rates than suggested by the current rate. We then use two centuries of data on U.S. interest rates to quantify this effect. Using both random walk and mean-reverting models, we compute the certainty-equivalent rate that is, the single discount rate that summarizes the effect of uncertainty and measures the appropriate forward rate of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Discounting; Uncertainty; Interest rate forecasting; Climate policy; Intergenerational equity; Risk and Uncertainty; D90; E47; C53; H43; Q28. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10743 Fiddling while carbon burns: why climate policy needs pervasive emission pricing as well as technology promotion AgEcon Pezzey, John C.V.; Jotzo, Frank; Quiggin, John C.. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Asia–Pacific Partnership; Climate policy; Pricing; Technology; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117740 Registros recuperados: 25 Primeira ... 1 2 ... Última

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