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Linking dopamine neurotransmission and neurogenesis: the evolutionary history of the NTAD (NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2) gene cluster Genet. Mol. Biol.
Mota,Nina Roth; Araujo-Jnr,Eli Vieira; Paixão-Côrtes,Vanessa Rodrigues; Bortolini,Maria Cátira; Bau,Claiton Henrique Dotto.
Genetic studies have long suggested the important role of the DRD2 gene in psychiatric disorders and behavior. Further research has shown a conjoined effect of genes in the Chr11q22-23 region, which includes the NCAM1, TTC12, ANKK1 and DRD2 genes, or NTAD cluster. Despite a growing need to unravel the role of this cluster, few studies have taken into account interspecies and evolutionary approaches. This study shows that behaviorally relevant SNPs from the NTAD cluster, such as rs1800497 (Taq1A) and rs6277, are ancient polymorphisms that date back to the common ancestor between modern humans and Neanderthals/Denisovans. Conserved synteny and neighborhood indicate the NTAD cluster seems to have been established at least 400 million years ago, when the first...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: NTAD cluster; Taq1A SNP; Shared synteny; Co-regulation; Psychiatric genetics.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572012000600004
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Co-regulation and voluntarism in the provision of food safety: lessons from institutional economics AgEcon
Hussain, Salman.
Traditional regulation in the food safety domain has been in the form of mandatory, inflexible food safety controls that are applied to firms. There has been a trend away from this regulatory paradigm towards more co-regulation and self-regulation by industry. This paper investigates the potential for systemic failure in the provision of safe food that might arise as a consequence of this new regulatory paradigm. These systemic failures occur owing to the fact that the food safety outcome depends on the behaviour of the three sets of agents (firms, consumers and the regulator). These populations of agents have generally been treated in the literature as homogeneous in terms of their behaviour and strategies. Further, the actions taken by any one agent are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Co-regulation; Strategic behaviour; Food safety; Ex ante regulation; Institutional economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45996
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CO-REGULATORY APPROACHES TO FOOD SAFETY CONTROLS AgEcon
Hussein, Mohamud; Fearne, Andrew; Martinez, Marian Garcia; Di Falco, Salvatore.
Food safety controls are currently enforced in the UK by a variety of regulatory approaches that considerably differ in their efficiency and effectiveness in achieving social goals of safe food supply and improved consumer confidence. Aim of this study is to establish whether a coregulatory enforcement of these controls is more cost-effective than the traditional command-and- control enforcement modes. First of its kind, the study reviewed a vast theoretical literature on economics of food safety and incentives to develop a conceptual framework and appropriate methodology for comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of co-regulatory approaches to food hygiene controls in the UK meat industry. A panel data on costs and compliance of 710 meat firms operating...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Co-regulation; Food safety; Incentives; Panel data modelling; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C23; K32; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91725
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