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Registros recuperados: 98
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Buyback Programs: Goals, Objectives, and Industry Restructuring in Fisheries AgEcon
Kirkley, James E.; Walden, John B.; Waters, James R..
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries has conducted several buyback programs to reduce harvesting capacity in fisheries. These programs have attempted to maximize capacity reduction given a fixed budget. However, restructuring issues have not been considered. We explore the possibility of satisfying three different buyback objective We examine the black sea bass trap fishery and determine the number of vessels given different allowable catch levels and objectives of maximizing technical efficiency, capacity utilization, and vessels in the fishery. We find considerable variation in the number of vessels allowed to remain in the fishery given the different objectives.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Capacity utilization; Data Envelopment Analysis; Fishery buyback programs; Fishing capacity; C61; D24; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43422
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A META-ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIAN AGRICULTURE AgEcon
Ogundari, Kolawole.
This study sheds light on how study specific-characteristics impact mean technical efficiency (MTE) in Nigerian agriculture. Also the paper extracts consensus message about MTE and its drivers in Nigerian agriculture based on studies covering the period 1999-2008. A meta-analysis using truncated regression was employed on a total of sixty four studies which yield eighty six observations for the econometric analysis. The regression results show that MTE in Nigerian agriculture increased significantly over the years. Study specific-characteristics such as sample size, number of inputs used as well as studies with focus on crop and livestock production were found to significantly impact MTE. Further analyses show that studies in the Northcentral, Southwest,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Meta-regression; Technical Efficiency; Truncated Regression; Agriculture; Nigeria; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50327
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Applying regression quantiles to farm efficiency estimation AgEcon
Kaditi, Eleni A.; Nitsi, Elisavet I..
This article is concerned with the methodological question of frontier production functions estimation for agriculture, and the appropriateness of regression quantiles, as a useful semi-parametric approach. Better insights are reached using the proposed methodology that provides robust farm efficiency scores estimates. Using the 2007 Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data for Greece, analysis shows that the distribution of efficiency scores is closer to normality when employing regression quantiles, while underestimation of efficiency obtained by other parametric or deterministic methods based on the conditional mean can be avoided. The results further suggest that government support aimed at enhancing farms viability should be directed towards payments...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Quantile Regression; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; D24; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61081
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Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases AgEcon
Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G..
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143
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Technical Efficiency Effects of Technological Change: Another Perspective on GM Crops AgEcon
Weaver, Robert D.; Curtiss, Jarmila; Brümmer, Bernhard.
An important approach to reducing persistent technical inefficiency is through technical change. This paper considers the case of genetically modified crop production. A stochastic frontier approach is used to examine how a drastic change from non-GM to GM technology effects the position of the production frontier as well as the extent and nature of technical inefficiency. A one-step method is applied to consider firm-level effects on technical inefficiency. Using soybean production from the U.S. we find that GM technology improves productivity and reduces technical inefficiency though these effects vary across farm characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technical change; Genetically-modified; Soybean; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D24; O33.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24528
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Probabilistic Models of Yield, Price, and Revenue Risks for Fed Cattle Production AgEcon
Belasco, Eric J.; Taylor, Mykel R.; Goodwin, Barry K.; Schroeder, Ted C..
Cattle feeding enterprises operate amid variability originating in prices and production. This research explicitly models yield risks related to cattle feeding by relating the mean and variance of yield performance factors to observable conditioning variables. The results demonstrate that pen characteristics, such as entry weight, gender, placement season, and location influence the mean and variability of yield factors, defined as dry matter feed conversion, average daily gain, mortality, and animal health costs. Ex ante profit distributions, conditional on cattle placement characteristics, are derived through simulation methods to evaluate the effects of price or yield shocks on the distributional characteristics of expected profits.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Conditional variance; Production risk; Cattle feeding; Yields; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; D24; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48761
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Joint Estimation of Risk Preferences and Technology: Flexible Utility of Futility? AgEcon
Lence, Sergio H..
The present study sets up a thought experiment calibrated to represent risks of a high-risk production activity (farming), and investigating whether the structure of risk aversion (i.e., the changes in absolute or relative risk aversion associated with changes in wealth) can be estimated with reasonable precision. Findings strongly suggest that typical production data are unlikely to allow identification of the structure of risk aversion. A flexible utility parameterization is found to worsen technology parameter estimates. Findings also indicate that even under a restricted utility specification, the quality of utility parameters estimated from small samples is very poor.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Risk preferences; Production analysis; Risk attitudes.; Risk and Uncertainty; C13; D24; D81; Q12..
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9980
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Technical Efficiency and Adoption of Soil Conservation in El Salvador and Honduras AgEcon
Solis, Daniel; Bravo-Ureta, Boris E.; Quiroga, Ricardo E..
A household-level switching regression model is implemented to examine potential selectivity bias for rural households under high and low levels of investments in soil conservation in El Salvador and Honduras. In the presence of selectivity bias, separate stochastic production frontiers are estimated for low and high adopters. The main results indicate that households with higher levels of investments in soil conservation show higher average TE than those with a lower level of investments. Constrains in the rural land and credit markets are likely explanations for these differences. The results also indicate that for farms with lower levels of investments in soil conservation access to credit is a significant factor explaining the sources of inefficiency....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontiers; Technical Efficiency; Switching Regression; Central America; Soil Conservation; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; O13; C21.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25784
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Accounting for agronomic rotations in crop production: A theoretical investigation and an empirical modeling framework AgEcon
Carpentier, Alain; Gohin, Alexandre; Letort, Elodie.
As far as crop acreage choices are concerned, a consensus seems to exist among agricultural scientists and extension agents: crop rotation effects and the related constraints are major determinants of farmers’ crop choices. Crop rotation effects are inherently dynamic. They are generally ignored in multicrop models with land as an allocable input found in the literature since most of these models are developed within a static framework. The aim of this paper is twofold (i) to propose a new approach and tools for investigating dynamic crop acreage choices accounting for crop rotation benefits and constraints and (ii) to illustrate the impacts of crop rotation effects and constraints on farmers’ acreage choices through simulation examples. The models...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop rotation; Dynamic programming; Acreage choice; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Q12; D21; D24; D92.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103431
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Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry AgEcon
Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.; Mosheim, Roberto.
The U.S. hog industry has experienced dramatic structural changes and rapid increases in farm productivity. A stochastic frontier analysis is used to measure hog enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose this growth into technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. Productivity gains over the 12-year period are found to be explained almost entirely by technical progress and by improvements in scale efficiency. Differences in TFP growth rates in the Southeast and Heartland regions were found to be explained primarily by differences in farm size growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Hog production; Scale efficiency; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Total factor productivity growth; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45512
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Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts AgEcon
Ludena, Carlos E.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.
There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive – particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392
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Is There a Link between the Changing Skills of Labor Used in U.S. Processed Food Trade and Rural Employment? AgEcon
Schluter, Gerald E.; Lee, Chinkook.
Between the 1970s and the 1990s, processed food exports switched from using more skilled labor per unit of output than imports to the opposite. Processed food trade also expanded during this period. More meat and poultry products in processed food trade could explain this switch in skill intensity. Growing meat trade paralleled an urban-to-rural shift in meat processing. Although this could have been a win-win situation for rural areas, many of the jobs related to expanded meat trade benefited commuter and migrant workers because late-1990s jobs slaughtering livestock and processing meat did not appeal to domestic rural workers.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Consolidation in the meat industry; Factor content of trade; Input-output analysis; International meat trade; Processed food trade; Rural development; Rural labor demand; Skill intensity; C67; D24; F14; F16; J61; L66; O18; Q17; R15.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43465
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THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH AgEcon
Washington, Andrew A.; Kilmer, Richard L..
Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model. In comparing the consumer demand price/corss-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Dairy; Demand; Imports; International; Production; Rotterdam; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; D24; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15070
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RURAL WATER SUPPLIERS AND EFFICIENCY - EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM EAST AND WEST GERMANY AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes.
ABSTRACT This discussion paper attempts the investigation of inefficiency with respect to water suppliers in rural areas of East and West Germany. This is done by using a nonradial measure of input-specific allocative inefficiency based on the demand system derived from a flexible cost function for the variable inputs labour, energy and chemicals. Distributional dependency with respect to the composed error term is reduced. The cost structure is modelled by applying a modified symmetric generalized McFadden functional form and the imposition of concavity restrictions as required by economic theory. Data on 47 rural water suppliers was collected by a written survey in 2002/2003. The applied second order flexible functional form performs well in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Rural water supply; Flexible functional form; Input-specific allocative efficiency; Ländliche Wasserversorgung; Flexible funktionale Form; Inputspezifische allokative Effizienz; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C31; D24; Q25.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14866
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The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497
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Technical Efficiency of the Dual-Purpose Cattle System in Venezuela AgEcon
Ortega, Leonardo E.; Ward, Ronald W.; Andrew, Christopher O..
A stochastic production frontier model was estimated to provide standard measurement of technical efficiency of the dual-purpose cattle system located in Zulia State, Venezuela. This system is based on local and low-cost inputs, but has been considered to be inefficient because of its low partial productivity indices when compared with those used in developed countries. Results indicate that the efficiency of this system is reasonably high, downplaying the general idea of inefficiency. Likewise, the efficiency of this system has the potential for improvement through public policies and managerial decisions based on the determinants of technical efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Dual-purpose cattle; Production frontier; Technical efficiency; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37058
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Investing in Biogas: Timing, Technological Choice and the Value of Flexibility from Inputs Mix AgEcon
Di Corato, Luca; Moretto, Michele.
In a continuous-time framework we study the technology and investment choice problem of a continuous co-digestion biogas plant dealing with randomly fluctuating relative convenience of input factor costs. Input factors enter into the productive process together mixed according to a given initial rule. Being inputs relative convenience stochastically evolving, a successive revision of the initial rule may be desirable. Hence, when the venture starts the manager may or may not install a flexible technology allowing for such option. Investment is irreversible and flexibility is costly. The problem is solved determining in the light of future prospects the optimal revision and then playing backward fixing the investment timing rule.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Factor Proportions; Technological Choice; Flexibility; Real Options; Alternative Energy Source; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D24; Q42.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55283
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Input Substitution in the Spanish Food Industry AgEcon
Alarcón, Silverio.
Firm panel data sets over the period 1993 to 2002 are used to estimate translog production functions with labour, capital and material inputs for 9 Spanish food industries. To tackle the endogeneity of the regressors, the generalized method of moments estimations is employed. The specification tests reject the instrument variables only for 1 out of 9 estimates. The remaining 8 industries show evidence of homogeneity and constant returns to scale. Only one industry exhibits complete separability of all pairs of factors and thus translog is preferred to Cobb-Douglas specification for 7 industries. Substitutability and complementarity between production factors in response to price changes are studied through Morishima and Shadow elasticities....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Translog; Elasticity of substitution; Generalized method of moments; Returns to scale; Agribusiness; C23; D24; L66.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24487
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An Examination of the Tradeoff between Net Return, Risk, and Water Quality for Crop Rotations in South Central Kansas AgEcon
Langemeier, Michael R.; Nelson, Nathan; Parajuli, Prem; Perkins, Seth.
This paper determined the optimal crop rotation in South Central Kansas. The model incorporated net return, risk, and water quality. In general, water quality improved as tillage was reduced within a rotation type and by adding an alfalfa rotation. The optimal crop rotation mixes included wheat, grain sorghum, soybeans, and alfalfa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Water quality; Optimal crop rotation; Risk and return; Farm Management; D24; D81.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56407
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Estimating Farm Efficiency in the Presence of Double Heteroscedasticity Using Panel Data AgEcon
Hadri, Kaddour; Guermat, Cherif; Whittaker, Julie.
The accuracy of technical efficiency measures is important given the interest in such measures in policy discussions. In recent years the use of stochastic frontiers has become popular for estimating technical inefficiency, but estimated inefficiencies are sensitive to specification errors. One source of such errors is heteroscedasticity. This paper addresses this issue by extending the Hadri (1999) correction for heteroscedasticity to stochastic production frontiers and to panel data. It is argued that heteroscedasticity within an estimation can have a significant effect on results, and that correcting for heteroscedasticity yields more accurate measures of technical inefficiency. Using panel data on cereal farms, it is found that the usual technical...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier production; Heteroscedasticity; Technical efficiency; Panel data; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C24; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43994
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