SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Cavatassi, Romina.

The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...

Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study

Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799

Branca, Giacomo; Lipper, Leslie; Sorrentino, Alessandro.

Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109

Environmental Options and Technological Innovation: An Evolutionary Game Model

Antoci, Angelo; Borghesi, Simone; Galeotti, Marcello.

This paper analyses the effects on economic agents' behaviour of an innovative environmental protection mechanism that the Public Administration of a tourist region may adopt to attract visitors while protecting the environment. On the one hand, the Public Administration sells to the tourists an environmental call option that gives them the possibility of being (partially or totally) reimbursed if the environmental quality in the region turns out to be below a given threshold level. On the other hand, it offers the firms that adopt an innovative, non-polluting technology an environmental put option that allows them to get a reimbursement for the additional costs imposed by the new technology if the environmental quality is above the threshold level. The...

CONSISTENCY AND OPTIMALITY IN A DYNAMIC GAME OF POLLUTION CONTROL I: COMPETITION

Palavras-chave: Environmental Bonds; Call and Put Options; Technological Innovation; Evolutionary Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; D62; G10; O30; Q28.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55289

Batabyal, Amitrajeet A..

I model the interaction between a regulator and polluting firms as a Stackelberg differential game in which the regulator leads. The firms create pollution, which results in a stock externality. I analyze the intertemporal effects of alternate pollution control measures in a competitive industry. The principal issue here concerns the dynamic inconsistency of the optimal solution. Inter alia, I compare the steady state levels of pollution under optimal and under time consistent policies. Forthcoming in Environmental and Resource Economics

Sustainability and Optimality in Economic Development: Theoretical Insights and Policy Prospects

Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Tax; Dynamic; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; H32; D62.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28351

Farzin, Y. Hossein.

This paper takes sustainability to be a matter of intergenerational welfare equality and examines whether an optimal development path can also be sustainable. It argues that the general zero-net-aggregate-investment condition for an optimal development path to be sustainable in the sense of the maximin criterion of intergenerational justice is too demanding to be practical, especially in the context of developing countries. The maximin criterion of sustainability may be more appealing to the rich advanced industrial countries, but is too costly and ethically unreasonable for developing nations as it would act as an intergenerational poverty equalizer. The paper suggests that a compromise development policy that follows the optimal growth approach but...

Promoting Organic Food: Information Policy Versus Production Subsidy

Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Optimality; Discounting; Development policy; International Development; Q01; Q56; O21; O13; D62; D63.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7447

Tribl, Christoph; Salhofer, Klaus.

In developed countries governments aim to increase the market share of organic products. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. Using the concept of heterogeneous producers and consumers we compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: First, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production. Second, we compare this policy measure to a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic food label. Third, we assume a mix of both policy measures. The main findings of this...

Uncertainty and the Double Dividend Hypothesis

Palavras-chave: Organic food; Labeling; Production subsidy; Information policy; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; D61; D62; L15; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24653

Sartzetakis, Eftichios S.; Tsigaris, Panagiotis D..

This paper examines the double dividend hypothesis in the presence of labour income uncertainty. Empirical evidence shows that uncertainty over labour income is particularly significant in developing, while not negligible in developed countries. Under uncertainty, and assuming incomplete capital markets, the tax system plays a role in providing social insurance and a green tax reform influences its effectiveness. We show that the increase in environmental tax reduces consumption risk while the balanced budget decrease in labour income tax increases income risk. We find that the total welfare effect of a green tax reform differs substantially from the case of certainty. The critical parameters determining the existence of a second dividend are the lump sum...

Does the Value of a Statistical Life Vary with Age and Health Status? Evidence from the United States and Canada

Palavras-chave: Double Dividend Hypothesis; Environmental Taxation; Labor Income Taxation; Uncertainty; Tax Incidence Analysis; Labor and Human Capital; H21; H23; D62.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7445

Alberini, Anna; Cropper, Maureen L.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Simon, Nathalie B..

Much of the justification for environmental rulemaking rests on estimates of the benefits to society of reduced mortality rates. Yet the literature providing estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reductions measures the value that healthy, prime-aged adults place on reducing their risk of dying, whereas the majority of statistical lives saved by environmental programs, according to epidemiological studies, appear to be the lives of older people and people with chronically impaired health. This paper provides an empirical assessment of the effects of age and baseline health on WTP for mortality risk reductions by reporting the results of two contingent valuation surveys designed to test the above hypotheses. One survey was...

Incorporating Uncertainty and Cero Values into the Valuation of Protected Areas and Species

Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Mortality; Contingent valuation; Age; Health status; Health Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q20; Q26.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10769

Hurle, Jesus Barreiro; Garcia, Jose Maria Casada; Perez y Perez, Luis.

Under the Spanish conservation law, compensation is envisaged for the damage associated with all actions that reduce the quantity or quality of protected areas and species. This paper provides a tool to evaluate the monetary equivalent of this damage. We conduct a contingent valuation exercise to estimate the existence value related to protected areas and species in Aragon. This estimate is then reconsidered including the possibility of zero bids and also the possibility of uncertain preferences for non-familiar goods. Considering these two effects, mean values are reduced significantly giving support to previous recommendations of dividing by two contingent valuation estimates from dichotomous choice question formats.

An Application of Mixed Logit Estimation in the Analysis of Producers’ Stated Preferences

Palavras-chave: Natural heritage; Contingent valuation; Spike model; Uncertainty; Land Economics/Use; B23; C24; C42; C52; D62; Q26.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24745

Kipperberg, Gorm; Bond, Craig A.; Hoag, Dana L..

This paper analyzes Colorado Corn producers’ preferences over both private- and environmental public-good production system attributes. Current production practices are characterized by intensive water and chemical use, resulting in non-point source pollution to water bodies as well as soil erosion problems. Data from a stated preference survey are employed to analyze key attributes of experimentally configured irrigation systems, proposed as alternatives to current practices. Panel mixed logit estimations find positive preferences for profit, risk reduction, and, importantly, systems with less environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching and soil erosion. The results also find presence of significant preference heterogeneity and a complementary...

The Role of Information Provision as a Policy Instrument to Supplement Environmental Taxes: Empowering Consumers to Choose Optimally

Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Profit-maximization; Environment; Mixed logit; Stated preference; Attribute part-worth; Nitrate leaching; Soil erosion; Risk; Crop Production/Industries; C10; D62; Q12; Q15; Q51.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108719

Sartzetakis, Eftichios S.; Xepapadeas, Anastasios; Petrakis, Emmanuel.

The present paper examines, within a dynamic framework, the use of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxation. We assume that at least a fraction of consumers do not posses the required information to make the optimal choices, and that their behavior at each time period depends on the accumulated stock of information. We show that, as the accumulated stock of information provision increases, both the optimal level of information provided at each period of time and the optimal tax rate decline over time. Our results provide strong evidence in support of information campaigns as a policy instrument to supplement traditional environmental policies. Information provision can shift the demand towards environmentally...

Estudio de las preferencias por los elementos agrarios del paisaje mediante los metodos del analisis conjunto y valoracion contingente

Palavras-chave: Information Provision; Environmental Taxation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q58; D62; D82.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52342

Sayadi, Samir; Roa, Maria Carmen Gonzalez; Calatrava-Requena, Javier.

RESUMEN: Entre las externalidades producidas por la actividad agraria hay que considerar su aportación a la configuración del paisaje, es decir, la externalidad estética de los agroecosistemas. Su conocimiento y valoración adquiere cada vez más relevancia. En el presente trabajo se han utilizado los métodos de Análisis Conjunto y Valoración Contingente para estudiar, por una parte, la importancia relativa de la componente agraria en la función de utilidad derivada del disfrute de los paisajes de Las Alpujarras (Granada-España) y, por otra, la disposición a pagar de los entrevistados por disfrutar de dichos paisajes. Se ha realizado un test a una muestra de potenciales visitantes a la zona, utilizando tres elementos básicos de los paisajes: cubierta...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Conjoint Analysis; Contingent Valuation; Agrarian Landscapes; Sustainable Rural Development; Land Economics/Use; Q56; Q57; D62; Q26.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28733

Are Agricultural Measures for Groundwater Protection Beneficial When Compared to Purification of Polluted Groundwater?

Hasler, Berit; Lundhede, Thomas.

The groundwater resource, the drinking water areas and the surface water quality can be protected by measures, e.g. by reductions of pesticide and nutrient applications, conversion of arable land to grasslands or forests etc. The objective of the paper is to estimate the benefits of groundwater protection by the valuation method choice experiments. This method allows for separate estimation and comparison of the different attributes connected to groundwater protection i.e. the effects on drinking water and surface water quality as compared to the benefits from cleaning and treatment of polluted drinking water to make it suitable for drinking water consumption. The results indicate that the benefits are significant, and that the willingness to pay for...

Accumulative Pollution, "Clean Technology," and Policy Design

Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Pollution; Drinking water; Valuation; Choice experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q26; Q28; C42; D62.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24587

Withagen, Cees; Toman, Michael.

Environmental policymakers must address the adverse effects of a number of pollutants that accumulate in the environment. Goals for the regulation of these damages often involve holding long-term emissions below a level deemed to be "dangerous", or outright banning of offending products or processes along with subsidization of more "green" alternatives. This paper builds upon previous studies by Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (1971) and Tahvonen and Withagen (1996) in addressing the optimal long-term management of an accumulative but assimilatable pollutant through policies that restrict more damaging production processes and thereby induce more benign alternatives. Using a simple general equilibrium approach, we consider the possibility that the...

Do We Care about Built Cultural Heritage? The Empirical Evidence Based on the Veneto House Market

Palavras-chave: Stock externalities; Nonconvexities; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; D62.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10748

Rosato, Paolo; Rotaris, Lucia; Breil, Margaretha; Zanatta, Valentina.

Italian historical buildings require urgent and costly maintenance and restoration works, but neither the local, nor the national public administrators can afford these expenditures. Nevertheless the built cultural heritage represent a unique resource of the territory, as it embodies the local social, historical, and cultural values, generates positive externalities (Musgrave, 1959), and stimulates economic activities mainly related to tourism. Is it possible to quantify how much we care about historical buildings and to measure this value in monetary terms? The aim of this paper is to answer to this question via the hedonimetric approach. Specifically, we try to verify if the proximity to historical villas, districts, palaces, squares, fortresses,...

Prices vs. Quantities in Monopolistic Competition

Palavras-chave: Cultural Heritage Externalities; Hedonic Housing Price Method; Z1; D62; Q51.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42917

Vetter, Henrik.

In perfectly competitive markets taxes and quotas are fully equivalent measures for environmental protection. Based on this regulators' revealed preferences for quotas over that of fees finds its explanation in the procedures and spirits of political decision making. This paper offers another explanation: Ordinary welfare economic considerations make a quota preferable to a tax when regulating polluting firms in monopolistically competitive markets.

Environmental Issues of Agriculture: Social Perception Analysis in Southern Spain

Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; D61; D62; D43.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24203

Salazar-Ordonez, Melania; Sayadi, Samir.

Agriculture largely shapes the European ecosystems. Today the environmental social interest and the awareness that some farming practices destroy the natural environment is undeniable. Thus, the European decision maker’s emphasis on integrating social demands within the Common Agricultural Policy becomes unquestionable. In this context, this paper analyses: i) the degree of social compliance with soilerosion control from agriculture in Andalusia (southern Spain); ii) the degree of society’s concern about its agriculture; and iii)the respondent’s features that influence both perceptions.

Fishery Management Games: How to reduce effort and admit new members

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Social Perception; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; D62; Q31.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44420

Do, Kim Hang Pham; Folmer, Henk; Norde, Henk.

This paper addresses the two main problems that Regional Fishery Management Organizations face. First, how to induce independent nations to reduce their fishing efforts from the competitive equilibrium to prevent the fish stock from extinction or to increase profits. We argue that adjustment from the Nash equilibrium to a state of sustainable yield can be achieved by means of the proportional rule without harming any of the countries involved. Next we propose the population monotonic allocation scheme as management rule for the second problem: the division of profits within an

Fixed Instruments to Cope with Stock Externalities An Experimental Evaluation

Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Proportional rule; Population monotonic allocation scheme; Shapley value; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C71; C72; D62; D74; Q22.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31964

Giordana, Gaston A.; Willinger, Marc.

We evaluate the effectiveness of non optimal and temporally inconsistent incentive policies for regulating the exploitation of a renewable common-pool resource. The corresponding game is an N-person discrete-time deterministic dynamic game of T periods fixed duration. Three policy instruments with parameters that remain constant for the whole horizon are evaluated: a pigouvian tax (flat tax), an ambient tax (ambient flat tax) and an instrument combining the two previous ones (mixed flat instrument). We test in the lab the predictions of the model solved for 3 distinct behavioural assumptions: (a) sub-game perfection, (b) myopic behaviour, and (c) joint payoff maximization. We find that subjects behave myopically in the unregulated situation, which agrees...