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Registros recuperados: 17
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Consumer Preference Not to Choose: Methodological and Policy Implications AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J..
Residential consumers remain reluctant to choose new electricity suppliers. Even the most successful jurisdictions, four U.S. states and other countries, have had to adopt extensive consumer education procedures that serve largely to confirm that choosing electricity suppliers is daunting. Electricity is not unique in this respect; numerous studies find that consumers are generally reluctant to switch brands, even when they are well-informed about product characteristics. If consumers prefer not to choose, opening regulated markets can reduce welfare, even for some consumers who do switch, as the incumbent can exploit this preference by raising price above the formerly regulated level. Policies to open markets might be successful even if limited to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity markets; Deregulation; Consumer choice; Residential markets; Consumer/Household Economics; L94; L51; D11; B40.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10573
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Implementing Electricity Restructuring: Policies, Potholes, and Prospects AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Martinez, Salvador A..
Electricity is one of the last U.S. industries in which competition is replacing regulation. We briefly review the technology for producing and delivering power, the history of electricity policy, and recent state and international experience. We then outline the major questions facing policymakers as they decide whether, when, and how to implement restructuring. We conclude with some thoughts on the California electricity crisis and other political controversies. Although the California experience has come to define what it means for electricity markets to fail, most of the problems it raised are among those we know how to solve or prevent. The still unresolved make-or-break issue remains whether the cooperation necessary to maintain reliability is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity restructuring; Regulation; Deregulation; Public Economics; L51; L94; D4.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10508
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EVOLUÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS AGRÍCOLAS E O INCENTIVO À INICIATIVA PRIVADA NA AGRICULTURA BRASILEIRA AgEcon
Barbosa, Gabriel Jose; Couto, Ebenezer Pereira.
A proposta deste ensaio é apresentar uma discussão das transformações estruturais e institucionais da agricultura brasileira no período de reformulação do padrão de intervenção pública no setor agrícola, quando se passou de forte coordenação, para um cenário de desregulamentação e esvaziamento das funções do setor público, com maior participação da iniciativa privada na regulação do processo produtivo. Na primeira parte é feita uma síntese do contexto de crise e reforma na base da política agrícola, definindo um novo ambiente institucional influenciado pelas questões de redução das barreiras às importações e formação de blocos econômicos regionais. Na segunda parte apresenta-se uma visão mais detalhada das mudanças nos instrumentos tradicionais de política...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Setor agrícola; Ambiente institucional; Desregulamentação; Agricultural section; Institutional atmosphere; Deregulation; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103137
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Deregulation of the Australian Wheat Export Market: What Happened to Wheat Prices? AgEcon
Curwen, Reece; Mugera, Amin W.; White, Benedict.
This paper investigates whether deregulation of the Australian wheat export market induced a structural change in the price data generation process. We examine the unit root properties of Western Australian wheat prices by testing for the possibility of single and double structural breaks in the price series. Daily prices for the period 20th of May 2003 to 14th of September 2010 are used. We find that the wheat price series has a unit root with two structural breaks but neither break coincided with the time when the Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008 came into effect on 1 July 2008. We conclude that change in local market behaviour would have started prior to actual deregulation with subsequent effect on local price.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Deregulation; Unit root; Structural breaks; Wheat price; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102023
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Corporate Strategies in the Telecommunications Sector in an Environment of Continuing Liberalization AgEcon
Borrmann, Christine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Business; Telecommunications; Deregulation; International Relations/Trade; F23; L21; L96.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26319
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Market Failures in Real-Time Metering: A Theoretical Look AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J..
Restructuring the electricity market may secure efficiencies by moving away from cost-of-service regulation, with typically (but not necessarily) time-invariant prices, and allowing prices to reflect how costs change. Charging "real time" prices requires that electricity use be measured according to when one uses it. Arguments that such real-time metering should be a policy objective promoted by subsidizing meters or delaying restructuring until meters are installed, require more than these potential benefits. They require positive externalities to imply that too few meters would be installed through private transactions. Real-time metering presents no systematic externalities when utilities must serve peak period users, and may present negative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Real-time metering; Electricity restructuring; Deregulation; Rationing; Externalities; Industrial Organization; D45; D62; L11; L94.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10718
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Input usage, output mix and industry deregulation: an analysis of the Australian dairy manufacturing industry AgEcon
Balcombe, Kelvin George; Doucouliagos, Hristos; Fraser, Iain.
In this paper we estimate a Translog output distance function for a balanced panel of state level data for the Australian dairy processing sector. We estimate a fixed effects specification employing Bayesian methods, with and without the imposition of monotonicity and curvature restrictions. Our results indicate that Tasmania and Victoria are the most technically efficient states with New South Wales being the least efficient. The imposition of theoretical restrictions marginally affects the results especially with respect to estimates of technical change and industry deregulation. Importantly, our bias estimates show changes in both input use and output mix that result from deregulation. Specifically, we find that deregulation has positively biased the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Bayesian; Deregulation; Output distance function; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118324
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The "Regulatory Compact" and Implicit Contracts: Should Stranded Costs Be Recoverable? AgEcon
Boyd, James.
Progress toward electricity market deregulation has brought controversy over whether or not utilities are entitled to compensation for "stranded costs," i.e., costs utilities will not be able to recover due to the advent of competition in their markets. This paper uses a legal and economic analysis of contracts to address the desirability of utility cost recovery. First, underlying principles of law are reviewed to determine whether or not there is a legal presumption of recovery. Then, the analysis considers whether or not an implicit "regulatory compact" between utilities and regulators follows from principles in the economic analysis of law, particularly theories of efficient breach and implicit contracts. The paper concludes that recovery should occur...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Stranded costs; Deregulation; Contracts; Electric utilities; Environmental Economics and Policy; L43; L94; K12.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10803
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Restructuring and the Cost of Reducing NOx Emissions in Electricity Generation AgEcon
Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony.
We look at the effects of restructuring on three issues: (a) economic surplus and environmental quality, (b) the cost of NOx control policies and who bears the costs, and (c) the cost-effectiveness of a seasonal and an annual NOx cap in the SIP Call region. We find that without the NOx cap, nationwide restructuring leads to higher NOx and carbon emissions from the electricity sector. Adding either a seasonal or an annual NOx cap-and-trade regime in the eastern United States mitigates the increase in NOx emissions but has a much smaller effect on carbon emissions. The out-of-pocket compliance cost associated with achieving a seasonal or an annual NOx cap is moderately higher with nationwide restructuring than without, but the changes in economic surplus are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Restructuring; Deregulation; Competition; Emissions trading; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Cost effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10549
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FACTORS AFFECTING COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING TO AGRICULTURE AgEcon
Betubiza, Eustacius N.; Leatham, David J..
A tobit econometric procedure was used to examine the effect of selected demand and supply factors on nonreal estate agricultural lending by commercial banks in Texas. Results show that banks have reduced their agricultural loan portfolios in response to increased use of interest sensitive deposits after deregulation. Moreover, almost half of this decrease came from banks that stopped making agricultural loans. Also, results show that banks affiliated with multi-bank holding companies lend less money to agriculture relative to their assets than do independent banks.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural lending; Commercial banks; Deregulation; Tobit; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15326
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Stranded Costs, Takings, and the Law and Economics of Implicit Contracts AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J.; Boyd, James.
This paper explores ways in which economic analysis can help resolve the stranded cost controversy that has arisen in debates over electricity market deregulation. "Stranded costs" are costs electric utilities will not recover as power markets move from protected monopolies to an open, competitive environment. The paper begins with a description of the stranded cost problem, its magnitude, and the prominent arguments for and against recovery. We then turn to an analysis of contracts in order to understand whether there is, or should be, a legal duty to compensate utility shareholders for unrecovered costs. The paper also argues that efficient approaches to electricity deregulation will rely on more than an analysis of contracts. In particular, the politics...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Stranded costs; Deregulation; Takings; Electric utilities; Contracts; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L43; L94; K12.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10688
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Alleged Transmission Undersupply: Is Restructuring the Cure or the Cause? AgEcon
Brennan, Timothy J..
Widespread concern over transmission capacity requires theoretical support to infer inadequacy from observed trends indicating reductions in the ratio of transmission to generation capacity over time. If integrated utilities had been regulated with allowed returns exceeding capital costs, transmission generation ratios would have been excessive, and observed trends might be a correction. However, numerous commentators claim that post-restructuring transmission rates have been too low, with NIMBY also discouraging investment. We model the possibility that inadequate separation between generation and transmission may result in reduced investment, in order to preserve incumbent market power in generation. However, consideration of transmission price caps and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity transmission; Regulation; Deregulation; Vertical integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; L51; L22.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10723
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DYNAMICS OF OPTIMAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PASTURE PRODUCTION AND MILK YIELDS OF AUSTRALIAN DAIRY FARMS AgEcon
Tozer, Peter R.; Huffaker, Ray G..
Deregulation of the Australian dairy industry could effect the utilization of resources by milk producers. In this study we examine the feed input mix dairy producers use, both pastures and supplements, prior to and after deregulation. We are particularly interested in the interaction of pasture utilization and farm profitability.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Dairy production; Pasture utilization; Deregulation; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20785
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Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation AgEcon
Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; McGuinness, Meghan.
This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOX; Health benefits; Market structure; Restructuring; Deregulation; Value of statistical life; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10846
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The Deregulation and Rationalization of Australia's Dairy Industry-Implications for the U.S. and World Dairy Industries AgEcon
Dobson, William D.; Wagner, Jeffrey.
The termination of Australia's Domestic Market Support scheme for manufacturing milk producers and the end of state market milk (fluid milk) pricing regulations on June 30, 2000 made Australia's dairy industry arguably the most deregulated in the world. Australia's milk production will become concentrated on larger farms in low-cost milk production areas as a result of deregulation. Deregulation is expected to enhance Australia's competitiveness in dairy export markets. Valuable lessons for the dairy industries of the U.S., EU, and other countries can be gained from analyzing the forces that caused Australia's dairy industry to deregulate. Of interest too is the restructuring package that Australia's dairy industry and Australia's government used to help...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Australia's Domestic Market Support Scheme; Australia's Milk Production; Deregulation; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37661
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Getting on the Map: The Political Economy of State-Level Electricity Restructuring AgEcon
Ando, Amy Whritenour; Palmer, Karen L..
Retail competition in electricity markets is expected to lead to more efficient electricity supply, lower electricity prices, more innovation by suppliers and a greater variety of electric power service packages. However, only a handful of states have currently gone so far as to pass legislation and/or make regulatory decisions to establish retail wheeling. This paper analyzes a variety of factors that may influence the rate at which legislators and regulators move towards establishing retail competition. In general, we find that where one interest group dominates others in the struggle for influence over the decision makers, the net effect seems to push a state forward more quickly when retail wheeling is expected to yield large efficiency gains.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity restructuring; Deregulation; Political economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D78; L51; L94.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10643
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Regulation of Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beets: Challenges and Uncertainty AgEcon
Oeschger, Tara; Schweikhardt, David B.; Thornsbury, Suzanne.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Roundup Ready Sugar Beets; Regulation; Deregulation; Environmental Impact Statement; Environmental Assessment; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q18; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117399
Registros recuperados: 17
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