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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Caballero, Ricardo J.; Cowan, Devin N.; Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.; Micco, Alejandro. |
| Microeconomic flexibility, by facilitating the process of creative-destruction, is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies. The main reason for why this process is not infinitely fast is the presence of adjustment costs, some of them technological, others institutional. Chief among the latter is labor market regulation. While few economists would object to such a view, its empirical support is rather weak. In this paper we revisit this hypothesis and find strong evidence for it. We use a new sectoral panel for 60 countries and a methodology suitable for such a panel. We find that job security regulation clearly hampers the creative-destruction process, especially in countries where regulations are likely to be enforced. Moving from the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Microeconomic rigidities; Creative-destruction; Job security regulation; Adjustment costs; Rule of law; Productivity growth; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J23; J63; J64; K00. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28486 |
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| D’Amuri, Francesco; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni. |
| We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990’s had no adverse effects on native wages and employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact that, after controlling for education and experience levels, native and migrant workers appear to be imperfect substitutes whereas new and old immigrants exhibit perfect substitutability. Our analysis suggests that if the German labor market were as ‘flexible’ as the UK labor... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Skill Complementarities; Employment; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J61; J31. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6384 |
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| Niebuhr, Annekatrin. |
| The findings of recent studies on adjustment processes suggest that regional labour markets in the EU and the US differ significantly. Low wage flexibility and limited labour mobility in European countries involve persistent unemployment differentials across regions. However, the spatial dimension of regional labour market problems is largely neglected in the corresponding analyses. In contrast, the present paper focuses on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities. Regions are tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional effects of distance, possibly causing spatial dependence of regional labour market conditions. Spatial association of regional unemployment... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Regional unemployment; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Europe; Labor and Human Capital; C21; E24; R12. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26147 |
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| Ronchi, Veronica. |
| During the '90s most Latin American countries were submitted to neoliberal structural reform policies. Neoliberal policies imposed market supremacy, reduced the State's role in the economy and deregulated the markets. This paper aims at describing how these policies affected the most important macroeconomic indexes, with special emphasis on Argentina and Mexico, the two countries that suffered most from the economic crises of the '80s and '90s, and where the neoliberal policies were applied with greater orthodoxy. In spite of a slight improvement in some macroeconomic indexes, in Latin America neoliberalism failed to reduce poverty and unemployment, and was unable to guarantee a fair distribution of the wealth and improve welfare. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Mexico; Argentina; '90s; Neoliberalism; Political Economy; E21; E22; E24; E26; N16; N26; N36; O16. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9335 |
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| Stark, Oded; Fan, C. Simon. |
| An increase in the probability of work abroad, where the returns to schooling are higher than at home, induces more individuals in a developing country to acquire education, which leads to an increase in the supply of educated workers in the domestic labor market. Where there is a sticky wage-rate, the demand for labor at home will be constant. With a rising supply and constant demand, the rate of unemployment of educated workers in the domestic labor market will increase. Thus, the prospect of employment abroad causes involuntary “educated unemployment” at home. A government that is concerned about “educated unemployment” and might therefore be expected to encourage unemployed educated people to migrate will nevertheless, under certain conditions, elect... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J24; O15. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98572 |
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| Taub, Bart. |
| A firm monopsonistically hires labor from a pool containing both skilled and unskilled workers. The marginal value of a worker depends on the match between the job and the worker's skill level. Unskilled workers can have negative productivity if they are placed in a skilled job. The firm cannot distinguish the two types. The workers are initially dispersed and search for the high wage jobs from the firm. The workers' skill levels are correlated with their patience; equivalently, they obtain indirect benefits, such as non-firm-specific career capital, from jobs that use their skill appropriately. By judiciously choosing different wages for different types of jobs, the firm can partially filter the appropriate worker types and match them with the appropriate... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; C73; D83; E24; J64. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26256 |
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| Eguia, Begona; Echevarria, Cruz A.. |
| This paper discusses the long run effect of changes in the age distribution of Spanish population on the unemployment rate, disaggregated by sex and age segments in the light of cointegration theory given the non stationarity of the series. Four main results are obtained. First, empirical analysis does not provide a clear scheme concerning the long run relationships between population variables and the specificunemployment rates for different groups. Second, as a first approximation one can detect the existence of, at least, one long run equilibrium relationship in all sex-age groups, except for the ones including the middle aged unemployed female workers and oldest unemployed female workers. Third, a more thorough analysis enables us to justify the... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Unemployment rates; Population aging; Cointegration; E24; J19; J64. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43641 |
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| Forgacs, Tamas. |
| Based on the technological progress and the complex work processes of our increasingly globalised world, novel ways of organising work can be seen everywhere. The EU has defined atypical forms of employment as breakthrough points in improving employment indices. Telework is probably the most innovative atypical working form, offering huge amount of benefits for the employer, employee and the society. Gaining a deeper understanding of employment trends and employers’ decision-making mechanisms, we can understand the specifics of this spreading working form, and we can use this knowledge to stimulate the employment trends. This study summarises the finding of an empirical research among medium and large enterprises in Hungary using telework. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Telework; Employment; Regional development.; Marketing; E24; J21. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95916 |
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| L'Horty, Yannick; Rault, Christophe. |
| Unemployment in France rose steadily from the early-seventies to the mid-eighties. Since the mid-eighties it has continued to experience fluctuations around a very high average level. Equilibrium unemployment theories are a useful framework within which to account for these developments. A multivariate estimation of the WS-PS model on macroeconomic quarterly data, which includes a larger number of potential unemployment determinants than earlier work, allows an enriched reading of the rise in French unemployment and of its persistence at a high level. We estimated it using a conditional VAR-ECM model, which is based upon the weak exogeneity properties of variables over the 1970-1/1996-4 period. The rise in equilibrium unemployment by 10 points in 25 years... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Labour market; WS-PS model; Equilibrium unemployment; Cointegration; Conditional VAR-ECM model; Labor and Human Capital; C32; E24. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44062 |
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| Birk, Angela. |
| How can long-term unemployment be reduced by policy measures of the government? In this paper a growth-matching-model is developed, in which the unemployment pool consists of heterogeneous unemployed workers, short-term and long-term unemployed, and with an endogenous skill-depreciation of the long-term unemployed emerging as technical progress accelerates. For innovation countries characterized by rapid technical progress we show that through subsidizing vacancy creation which causes a substitution and an income effect long-term unemployment can be reduced. Since the positive substitution effect implied by subsidizing vacancy creation outweighs the negative income effect induced by taxing the household's income, a positive employment effect results... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Long-term unemployment; Growth; Search; Matching; Subsidies; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J41; O41. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26194 |
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| Birk, Angela. |
| How does technical progress affect long-term unemployment? The relationship between long-term unemployment and the rate of growth attributable to technical progress is evaluated in a growth-matching-model with heterogeneous jobless workers and with endogenously determined long-term unemployed resulting from skill-depreciation. For innovation economies characterized by high steady-state levels of capital intensities the model shows that, due to a capitalization effect and a qualification-mismatch effect, increasing technological progress has adverse implications for long-term unemployment. Furthermore, for imitation economies with low steady-state capital intensities increasing technological progress can be either favorable or less favorable for long-term... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Long-term unemployment; Mismatch; Growth; Search; Matching; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J41; O41. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26181 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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