SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bernard, Jean-Thomas; Gavin, Michael; Khalaf, Lynda; Voia, Marcel.

We consider an empirical estimation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide and sulphur, with a focus on confidence set estimation of the tipping point. Various econometric – parametric and nonparametric – methods are considered, reflecting the implications of persistence, endogeneity, the necessity of breaking down our panel regionally, and the small number of countries within each panel. In particular, we propose an inference method that corrects for potential weak-identification of the tipping point. Weak identification may occur if the true EKC is linear while a quadratic income term is nevertheless imposed into the estimated equation. Relevant literature to date confirms that non-linearity of the EKC is indeed not granted, which...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fieller method; Delta method; CO2 and SO2 emissions; Confidence set; Tipping point; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C52; Q51; Q52; Q56.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119109

The Environmental Kuznets Curve in a World of Irreversibility

Prieur, Fabien.

We develop an overlapping generations model where consumption is the source of polluting emissions. Pollution stock accumulates with emissions but is partially assimilated by nature at each period. The assimilation capacity of nature is limited and vanishes beyond a critical level of pollution. We first show that multiple equilibria exist. More importantly, some exhibit irreversible pollution levels although an abatement activity is operative. Thus, the simple engagement of maintenance does not necessarily suffice to protect an economy against convergence toward a steady state having the properties of an ecological and economic poverty trap. In contrast with earlier related studies, the emergence of the environmental Kuznets curve is no longer the rule....

Dynamic Interaction between Economic Indicators and SO2 Emission in U.S.

Palavras-chave: Overlapping Generations; Irreversible Pollution; Poverty Trap; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; D62; D91.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9546

Kim, Man-Keun; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward).

U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Spatial-Temporal Econometric Approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Energy Use; Vector Autoregression; Historical Decomposition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q52; Q56.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103239

Burnett, J. Wesley; Bergstrom, John C..

One of the major criticisms of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential...

The Economic Cost of CO2 Emission Cuts

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide; Spatial Econometrics; Panel Data Econometrics; Time Series Analysis; Environmental Economics; Pollution Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q53; Q43; C01; C33.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96031

Zhao, Xiaobing.

We follow Schmalensee, Stoker, and Judson (1998) to forecast CO2 emissions based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Our findings suggest that the EKC will not lead to significant decreases in CO2 emissions even by 2050 for countries with the highest incomes. Therefore, mandatory emissions cuts are required to limit climate change. In the same spirit of Horowitz (2009) and Ng and Zhao (2010), we then use a reduced-form approach to estimate the economic costs of mandatory emission cuts. Based on our parameter estimates, we find that a 25% mandatory deduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 will lead to a 5.63% decrease in the combined GDP of the 19 OECD countries, and a 40% deduction will result in a 12.92% loss in income (holding other relevant variables...

The Environmental Kuznets Curve from Multiple Perspectives

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Economic Cost; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103413

Jaeger, William K.; Kolpin, Van.

The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and parameters, including symmetrical models with homothetic, constant-returns functions such as with CES functions. Similar results are also shown to arise in decentralized economies under either homogeneous or heterogeneous income levels.

Economic Growth and the Environment with Clean and Dirty Consumption

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Environmental Quality; Q2; D61; O13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36760

Orecchia, Carlo; Tessitore, Maria Elisabetta.

This paper aims to verify the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) or inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in the context of endogenous growth. An important feature of this study is that the EKC is examined in the presence of pollution as a by product of consumption activities; also, pollution is a stock variable rather than a flow and tends to accumulate over time. In order to highlight the role of consumption on the environment, consumers do not consider directly pollution in the maximization problem and are assumed to choose between two different consumption types, characterized by a different impact on the environment (i.e. dirty and clean consumption). We find that substitution of dirty...

INCOME GROWTH AND PESTICIDE CONSUMPTION IN THE FUTURE: APPLYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Pollution; Consumption; Consumption behaviour; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q56; O44.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115734

Arahata, Katsumi.

Applying the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, the economic structure of pesticide consumption in the world was examined and its future consumption was predicted. It was found that the hypothesis is applicable and the income level significantly affects the pesticide consumption. Additionally, sustained population per land is also influential. In spite of the applicability of the hypothesis, it was also demonstrated that the great increase of pesticide consumption in developing countries would be predicted. Furthermore, among pesticide categories, the increase of insecticide consumption would be predicted even in developed countries.

A Spatiotemporal Fixed Effects Estimation of U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Income growth; Pesticide; Sustained population of land; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22055

Burnett, J. Wesley; Bergstrom, John C..

One of the major shortcommings of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential...

Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation

Palavras-chave: Pollution Economics; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Spatial Econometrics; Dynamic Panel Data; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Global Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51; Q43; Q50; Q53; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103580

Burnett, J. Wesley.

Economists, ecologists, private industries and government decision-makers have long been interested in the relationships between economic growth and environmental quality. These relationships are often the subject of intense public policy debates such as the current debate surrounding global climate change issues. From an ecological or environmental perspective, the argument is often made that economic growth is bad for the environment. But, what story do the data tell? In order to address the question, a estimable model was used to analyze the effects between gross domestic product (GDP) and environmental indications for air pollution in over 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States from 2001-2005. The analysis is then expanded to...

Environmental Kuznets Curves for Carbon Emissions: A Critical Survey

Palavras-chave: Air Pollution; Environmental Economics; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fixed effects regression; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46838

Aslanidis, Nektarios.

The empirical finding of an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution, the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggests that as countries experience economic growth, environmental deterioration decelerates and thus becomes less of an issue. Focusing on the prime example of carbon emissions, the present article provides a critical review of the new econometric techniques that have questioned the baseline polynomial specification in the EKC literature. We discuss issues related to the functional form, heterogeneity, “spurious” regressions and spatial dependence to address whether and to what extent the EKC can be observed. Despite these new approaches, there is still no clear-cut evidence supporting the existence of the...

Neoclassical Growth, Environment and Technological Change: The Environmental Kuznets Curve

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Emissions; Functional Form; Heterogeneity; “Spurious” Regressions; Spatial Dependence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C20; Q32; Q50; O13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54299

Rubio, S.J.; Garcia, J.R.; Hueso, J.L..

The paper investigates socially optimal patterns of economic growth and environmental quality in a neoclassical growth model with endogenous technological progress. In the model, the environmental quality affects positively not only to utility but also to production. However, cleaner technologies can be used in the economy whether a part of the output is used in environmentally oriented R&D. In this framework, if the initial level of capital is low then the shadow price of a cleaner technology is low relative to the cost of developing it given by the marginal utility of consumption and it is not worth investing in R&D. Thus, there will be a first stage of growth based only on the accumulation of capital with a decreasing environmental quality until...