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| Giraud, Mélanie; Garçon, Véronique; De La Broise, Denis; L'Helguen, Stéphane; Sudre, Joël; Boye, Marie. |
| Installation of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion pilot plant (OTEC) off the Caribbean coast of Martinique is expected to use approximately 100,000 m3 h−1 of deep seawater for its functioning. This study examined the potential effects of the cold nutrient-rich deep seawater discharge on the phytoplankton community living in the surface warm oligotrophic waters before the installation of the pilot plant. Numerical simulations of deep seawater upwelled by the OTEC, showed that a 3.0 °C temperature change, considered as a critical threshold for temperature impact, was never reached during an annual cycle on the top 150 m of the water column on two considered sections centered on the OTEC. The thermal effect should be limited, <1 km2 on the area exhibited... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Marine microbial ecosystem; Biogeochemistry; Modeling; Artificial seawater discharge in situ experiments; Environmental standards. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00507/61867/65935.pdf |
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| Osterburg, Bernhard; Nitsch, Heike; Kristensen, Lone. |
| Agricultural support payments in the EU are increasingly connected to compliance with environmental standards, through cross-compliance and "Good Farming Practice"-conditions. In this paper, this relatively new approach is analysed regarding targeting, compatibility with legal procedures, and effects on income and production. Compliance with standards is reinforced by more systematic controls and reductions of support payments. As farms are affected by such sanctions to a different extent, risk-analysis for selection of farms to be controlled is a crucial element of implementation. The real environmental impacts have to be considered, especially if indirect control indicators are applied. Furthermore, technical assistance and audits have to be promoted for... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Good Farming Practice; Cross-compliance; Environmental standards; Agricultural and Food Policy; K32; Q28. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24521 |
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