SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Hemalatha, A.C.; Chandrakanth, Mysore G.; Nagaraj, N..

Groundwater is a crucial source of irrigation for the farmers in Gauribidanur taluk to eke out the living since there is no other perennial source of irrigation. Currently the irrigation wells in the riparian areas of uttara Pinakini River are seriously threatened due to excessive sand extraction, which in turn affects the groundwater recharge. This has manifested in increase in proportion of well failure. It is imperative that sand mining is seriously (negative externality) affecting the interests of the economy of riparian farmers in this river basin. This calls for a serious, effective and efficient implementation of regulation of sand mining for the benefit of both agriculture and civil works. Currently sand extraction is permitted up to three feet by...

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Sandmining; Externality; Groundwater overdraft; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43619

Sneeringer, Stacy E..

Research on environmental regulation’s effects on economic activity has largely focused on manufacturing, ignoring one of the major polluters in the U.S. – commercial agriculture. As livestock production has become increasingly mobile, regulation has become an important criterion in firm location. This article extends the literature on environmental regulation’s economic effects to commercial agriculture by exploiting a series of regulations adopted in North Carolina in the 1990s. During this time, the state’s hog production more than tripled as a consequence of welcoming state legislation. This sudden growth creates an opportunity to study how environmental regulation affects the location of economic activity, the externality costs of legislation...

Economic Considerations of Animal Welfare Policy

Palavras-chave: Livestock; Externality; Regulation; Public health; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46591

Bicknell, Kathryn.

Animal welfare considerations are becoming increasingly important for producers of animal-derived agricultural products. Recent media attention on issues of housing conditions for intensively reared livestock and induced calving in dairy production make it clear that some members of the public feel strongly about the overall welfare of farm animals. In many cases, practices that are now perceived as welfare unfriendly are also associated with lower per-unit costs of production, creating a ‘classic’ economic trade-off between production and welfare objectives. In this paper a relatively simple partial equilibrium model is used to illustrate that the distributional impacts of animal welfare regulations (for both humans and animals) depend critically on...

Feedlots, Air Quality, and Dust Control- Benefit Estimation

Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Partial equilibrium analysis; Externality; Economic surplus; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115718

Yu, Chin-Hsien; Park, Seong Cheol; McCarl, Bruce A.; Amosson, Stephen H..

Economics of controlling invasive species: optimal control and stability of ecological-economic system

Palavras-chave: Animal feeding operation; Dust; Odor; Externality; Social welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103786

Chalak, Morteza; Ruijs, Arjan; Hemerik, Lia; van der Werf, Wopke; van Ierland, Ekko C..

Natural enemies such as herbivores that are introduced to reduce invasive plants can spill over into nature, threaten indigenous species and impose significant costs. We develop a bioeconomic model to analyse the optimal control management strategy of an introduced herbivore that has spilled over from a managed system to a natural area. Cost-effective control strategies are analysed that reduce the spillover effects of herbivores on endangered plants species to reduce the risk of extinction and increase benefits obtained from the ecosystem. We consider two competing indigenous plant species as the representatives of the plant community. Only one of these species is consumed by introduced herbivore. We show that the optimal level of controlling herbivores...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Economics; Biological agent; Externality; Spillover; Control; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124374

MODELING THE EFFECT OF SPATIAL EXTERNALITIES ON INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT

McKee, Gregory J.; Goodhue, Rachael E.; Chalfant, James A.; Carter, Colin A..

Changes in production conditions associated with biological invasions can be complex. As a result, modeling invasive species management decisions can be difficult. Modeling these decisions is further compounded by externalities associated with spatial relationships among growers. In order to calculate optimal management decisions, an accurate bioeconomic model of the feedback between grower decisions and the new biological interactions created by an invasive species population is needed. In this paper, a bioeconomic model is used to explicitly analyze how externalities caused by spatial relationships among agricultural producers affect optimal invasive species management decisions. The example of the coordinated greenhouse whitefly management in the...

A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy

Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Strawberry; Greenhouse whitefly; Externality; Optimal management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21137

Jaffe, Adam B.; Newell, Richard G.; Stavins, Robert N..

Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...

Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Theory of Optimal Use

Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815

Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Brown, Gardner M., Jr..

In recent years bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, leading to a decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infectious disease. This paper uses a framework based on an epidemiological model of infection in which antibiotic effectiveness is treated as a nonrenewable resource. In the model presented, bacterial resistance (the converse of effectiveness) develops as a result of selective pressure on nonresistant strains due to antibiotic use. When two antibiotics are available, the optimal proportion and timing of their use depends precisely on the difference between the rates at which bacterial resistance to each antibiotic evolves and on the differences in their pharmaceutical costs. Standard numerical techniques are used...

Derivation of supply curves for catchment water effluents meeting specific salinity concentration targets in 2050: linking farm and catchment level models or “Footprints on future salt / water planes”

Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Disease; Externality; Livestock Production/Industries; Q3; I1.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10619

Nordblom, Thomas L.; Bathgate, Andrew D.; Young, Robert A..

The salt burden in a stream reflects the blend of salty and fresh flows from different soil areas in its catchment. Depending not only on long-run rainfall, water yields from a soil are also determined by land cover: lowest if the area is forested and greatest if cleared. Water yields under agro-forestry, lucerne pasture, perennial grass pasture, and annual pasture or cropping options span the range of water yields between the extremes of forested and cleared lands. This study explores quantitative approaches for connecting the hydrologic and economic consequences of farm-level decisions on land cover (productive land uses) to the costs of attaining different catchment level targets of water volumes and salt reaching downstream users; environmental,...

MODELING THE EFFECT OF SPATIAL EXTERNALITIES ON INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT

Palavras-chave: Salinity; Targets; Opportunity cost; Concentration; Dilution; Effluent; Externality; Supply; Demand; Policy; Water quality; New technology; New markets; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57929

McKee, Gregory J..

COMPETITION VS. QUALITY IN AN INDUSTRY WITH IMPERFECT TRACEABILITY

Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Strawberry; Greenhouse whitefly; Externality; Optimal management.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23626

Rouviere, Elodie; Soubeyran, Raphael.

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS OF EXTERNALITY GENERATING AND RECEIVING ACTIVITIES

Palavras-chave: Entry; Externality; Minimum Quality Standard; Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; L5.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116407

Saak, Alexander E..

Many cases of externalities in agricultural production such as pesticide drift, cross-pollination, and offensive odors are attributable to the incompatibility of neighboring land uses. This paper offers an examination of when an efficient activity arrangement is compatible with free-market incentives. Also, free-market and socially efficient activity arrangements are characterized in terms of spatial concentration of the externality generating uses.

Externalities of groundwater contamination due to pollution and effects on human and animal health in Karnataka

Palavras-chave: Externality; Graph partitioning; Land-use arrangement; Spatial concentration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18525

Varuni, C.N.; Chandrakanth, Mysore G.; Nagaraj, N.; Srikanthmurthy, P.S..

In this study, negative externality due to distillery pollution on agriculture in Kabini command in Nanjanagudu taluk, Mysore District is estimated. The spent wash let in lagoons enables settling heavy metals to infiltrate soils, gradually affecting soil and health. The distillery opened during 1985 and farmers apparently began experiencing the negative externalities due to pollution from 1995. The groundwater extracted for irrigation was the first victim of distillery pollution rendering it unfit even for irrigation purposes. Paddy, sugarcane, Banana, Jowar, Mulberry, Coconut, Ragi are the major crops being grown in this command area. For this study, all the 35 distillery pollution affected farmers in the Distillery Dffluent Polluted Villages (DEPA,...

Regulating Stock Externalities Under Uncertainty

Palavras-chave: Sand mining; Externality; Groundwater depletion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43622

Newell, Richard G.; Pizer, William A..

Using a simple analytical model incorporating benefits of a stock, costs of adjusting the stock, and uncertainty in costs, we uncover several important principles governing the choice of price-based policies (e.g., taxes) relative to quantity-based policies (e.g., tradable permits) for controlling stock externalities. Applied to the problem of greenhouse gases and climate change, we find that a price-based instrument generates several times the expected net benefits of a quantity instrument. As in Weitzman (1974), the relative slopes of the marginal benefits and costs of controlling the externality continue to be critical determinants of the efficiency of prices relative to quantities, with flatter marginal benefits and steeper marginal costs favoring...

Are Standards Always Protectionist?

Palavras-chave: Stock; Externality; Regulation; Policy; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Tax; Tradable permit; Pollution; Climate change; Greenhouse Gas; Instrument choice; Risk and Uncertainty; Q28; D81; C61.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10471

Marette, Stephan; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than...