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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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| Kinnucan, Henry W.. |
| This paper determines the impact of food industry market power on farmers' incentive to promote in a situation where funds for promotion are raised through a per-unit assessment on farm output and food industry technology is characterized by variable proportions. Specifically, building on earlier studies by Azzam and by Holloway, Muth's model is extended to consider the farm-level impacts of generic advertising when downstream firms possess oligopoly and/or oligopsony power and advertising expenditure is endogenous at the market level. Applying the model to the U.S. beef industry, we find that for plausible parameter values market power reduces farmers' incentive to promote. However, the disincentive is moderated by factor substitution, and effectively... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Dorfman-Steiner theorem; Generic advertising; Oligopoly power; Oligopsony power; Marketing; L66; Q13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19775 |
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| Kinnucan, Henry W.; Myrland, Oystein. |
| An agreement between Norway and the European Commission specifies an increase in the export tax on Norwegian salmon entering EU markets from 0.75% to 3.00% effective 1 July 1997. Further, Norway's exports are subject to a price floor and quantity ceiling, neither of which were binding over the evaluation period. Since the tax's proceeds are to be used by Norway to fund generic marketing of Atlantic salmon, it is possible that the agreement is winwin, i.e., benefits United Kingdom and Norwegian producers alike. To test this, we use an equilibrium displacement model to estimate the agreement's effects on prices, trade flows, and producer welfare. Results based on data through 1999 suggest the agreement is indeed win-win, but that currency realignments and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement modeling; Export tax; Generic advertising; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24826 |
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| Kaiser, Harry M.. |
| The impacts of generic dairy advertising on retail, wholesale, and farm dairy markets are estimated in this study at the national level. The results indicate that generic dairy advertising had a major impact on retail, wholesale, and farm markets for the dairy industry. The main conclusion of the study is that farmers are receiving a high return on their investment in generic dairy advertising, i.e., an average rate of return of $3.40 for every dollar invested over the period 1984-95. Moreover, the return on investment in advertising was higher in the most recent year, almost double the average for the previous 11 years. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Generic advertising; Industry econometric model; Simulation; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15059 |
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| Han, Sungill; Chung, Chanjin; Suh, Daeseok. |
| This study develops an analytical framework to examine the impact of generic advertising on brand advertising with alternative assumptions on demand changes (shift-up and rotation), product differentiation, market concentration, and relationship between commodity and brand advertising programs. The newly developed model allows one to determine the relationship between generic and brand advertising, which has not been clearly shown in previous studies. Analytical results show that when generic advertising leads to an inelastic demand, generic advertising would help brand advertising and could decrease the optimal brand advertising expenditures. However, when generic advertising leads to an elastic demand, it would negatively affect the profitability of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Generic advertising; Brand advertising; Product differentiation.; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103739 |
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| Piggott, Nicholas E.; Zhen, Chen; Beach, Robert H.; Wolhlgenant, Michael K.. |
| We examine the effects of domestic advertising and promotion expenditures on meat demand, extending previous efforts in several areas, including the use of more recent data, employing a complete demand system and simultaneously measuring the impacts of generic pork and beef advertising and food safety information on the demand for beef, pork, and poultry. Using the Generalized Almost Ideal Demand System (GAIDS), own- and cross- beef and pork advertising and own- and cross- beef, pork, and poultry food safety effects are measured jointly and consistently. To allow for a more complex dynamic response of advertising and food safety effects, the flexible distributed lag technique of Mitchell and Speaker (1986) is employed. The coefficients on pork advertising... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Generalized Almost Ideal Demand System; Generic advertising; Meat demand; Polynomial inverse lag; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9235 |
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| Crespi, John M.. |
| This paper considers whether generic promotion lowers the differentiation among competing brands as claimed in the 1997 Supreme Court case (Wileman et al. v. Glickman). Commodity promotion is modeled as a multi-stage game where products are vertically differentiated. Analytical results show that if the benefits of generic advertising from increased demand are outweighed by the costs from lower product differentiation then high-quality producers will not benefit from generic promotion but producers of lower-quality goods may. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Generic advertising; Product differentiation; Spatial model; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21488 |
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| Schmit, Todd M.; Kaiser, Harry M.. |
| Annual seasonal advertising expenditure allocations were estimated for the national generic advertising programs for fluid milk and cheese with the use of price and advertising elasticities of demand that varied over time. Significant variation in optimal allocations existed both across products and over time, emphasizing the importance of obtaining accurate seasonal forecasts that incorporate changes in market conditions to plan future spending allocations. In the absence of such information, allocating annual budgets equally across quarters still produced positive producer welfare gains on average relative to historical spending that were not statistically different from those realized under the optimal spending strategy. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Generic advertising; Optimal seasonal allocation; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q11; Q13; Q18. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6768 |
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| Suh, Daeseok; Chung, Chanjin. |
| The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the generic advertising helps or hurts the brand advertising within the differentiated product environments. We develop an analytical model that includes both generic and brand advertising expenditures considering vertical product differentiation. Then the analysis is devoted to examine how marginal effects of expenditure affect each other under product differentiation. To help examine the relationship, we also include a new variable, the degree of product differentiation. Analytical results show that when the generic advertising increases the product differentiation, the high quality brand tends to take benefits while the low quality brand loses. When generic advertising includes messages that do not... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Check off; Generic advertising; Brand advertising; Vertical product differentiation; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49557 |
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| Spatz, Karen J.. |
| Export market development activities are an integral part of today's agricultural marketing due to increasing competition worldwide. Marketing activities include promotion, advertising, and research financed by private and government-supported commodity groups. Cooperatives and private industry primarily market brand products but they also support generic promotion through legislated commodity programs. Federal and State agricultural commodity promotion programs are supported by growers and/or handlers, including cooperatives and their members. These legislated commodity programs promote domestically and overseas. Half of the 256 State checkoff programs reported export promotion expenditures totaling more than $27 million in 1986. Exporting cooperatives... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Generic advertising; Agricultural exports; State checkoff programs; Federal marketing orders; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52021 |
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| Kinnucan, Henry W.; Myrland, Oystein. |
| Buse’s concept of total response is extended to advertising effects. Results suggest that partial advertising elasticities overstate advertising’s ability to increase market demand. One implication is that advertising bans (e.g., for alcohol and tobacco) are apt to be less effective than indicated by partial advertising elasticities estimated from econometric models. Extending the concept of total response to price effects, the total advertising “flexibility” sets the lower bound on the optimal advertising-sales ratio and subsumes the Dorfman-Steiner and Nerlove-Waugh theorems as special cases. Applying the total flexibility concept to U.S. meats, results suggest the beef, pork and poultry industries are under-investing in advertising. However, in the case... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Advertising bans; Dorfman-Steiner theorem; Generic advertising; Total elasticities; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122634 |
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| Dong, Diansheng; Schmit, Todd M.; Kaiser, Harry M.. |
| A fixed-effects panel data demand model for five New York State markets is estimated to determine the differential impacts of generic fluid milk advertising by media type. Empirical results indicate that among the four media outlets, television advertising has the largest impact on per capita demand, followed by radio, outdoor, and print. Based on the estimated media-specific elasticities, media reallocation of advertising expenditures suggests that milk sales could increase significantly. The results indicate that cooperative media plan strategies developed between the New York regional advertising program and the national advertising programs would achieve the greatest benefits. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Generic advertising; Milk; Optimal media allocation; Panel data; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44701 |
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| Brown, Mark G.. |
| Both a single equation model and Rotterdam demand system were used to estimate the impact of advertising on OJ demand. In the single equation model, OJ gallon sales were related to OJ advertising, grapefruit juice advertising, the price of OJ, seasonality variables, consumer income, and a dummy variable for September 11 to further capture possible effect resulting from changes in the U.S. economy and consumer confidence after that point in time. The impact of each of these variables was estimated by applying the ordinary least squares regression method to data from September 1997 to November 2001. The results suggest that recent decreases in OJ demand are related to declines in FDOC advertising, as well as perhaps declines in incomes and changes in... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Generic advertising; 9-11; Rotterdam demand system; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52889 |
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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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