SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Schamel, Guenter.

We present a first analysis of auction markets for specialty food products. We identify auction prices, trade volume and value for domestic and foreign origin specialty ham with geographical indications (GIs) which were actually sold in online auctions in Germany within a one-month period. Applying hedonic modeling, we examine potential factors that may influence online bidding behavior and final auction prices. We estimate positive auction price effects for weight, bidding activity, and auction length, that the domestic product is sold at a discount, that higher shipping cost have a negative impact on final prices, and that auctions ending on Fridays and Saturdays yield lower prices. The model may be used to estimate the value of GIs. In our example, we...

KEEPING FARMERS ON THE LAND: ADDING VALUE IN AGRICULTURE IN THE VENETO REGION OF ITALY

Palavras-chave: Consumer economics; Geographical indications; Auctions; Information; Marketing; D12; D44; D83.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25606

Clemens, Roxanne.

Italy's relatively small area, high population density, and high land and labor costs have created the challenges of ensuring profitably for agricultural producers, slowing urban encroachment onto arable land, and keeping farm families on land that has been handed down within the families for generations. As part of the solution to these issues, the European Union is enacting policies to reduce producer dependence on direct subsidies while increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products and returns to producers, reinvigorating rural communities, and encouraging environmentally sound production methods. These regulations provide incentives for producers to add value to their products by obtaining legal recognition of typical products, participating...

An analysis of the dispute European Communities - Protection of trademarks and geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs

Palavras-chave: Agritourism; Geographical indications; Regional products; Reinvigorating rural communities; Traditional foods; Typical products; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Production Economics; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18706

Charlier, Christophe; Ngo, Mai-Anh.

The dispute "European Communities - Protection of trademarks and geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs" that opposes the European - Union to the United States and Australia, has been raised by the European regulation concerning the protection of geographical indications. This dispute has two important issues. First, the Panel demonstrated that the European regulation did not comply with national treatment promulgated by the TRIPS and the GATT 1994 Agreements. Second, the Panel affirmed the possibility of coexistence between GIs and identical prior trademarks. This article considers these two issues and depicts the position of the parties at the end of the dispute regarding GIs' protection. The first part of this article presents...

Law and Policy on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Development: Legally Protecting Creativity and Collective Rights in Traditional Knowledge Based Agricultural Products through Geographical Indications

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Intellectual property; National treatment; TRIPS; Dispute settlement.; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10032

Protecting ‘Single-Origin Coffee’ within the Global Coffee Market: The Role of Geographical Indications and Trademarks

Dagne, Teshager.

Geographical indications emerged on the international scene at the centre of three highly debated subjects: intellectual property, international trade and agricultural policy. This article discusses the use of geographical indications in the protection of traditional knowledge–based agricultural products in the international intellectual property framework, and assesses the challenges and opportunities geographical indications present with respect to efforts to cater to the needs of indigenous people and local communities. The discussion begins with a succinct overview of the definitional aspects of geographical indications, traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge–based agricultural products. In an attempt to locate the issue of geographical...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Geographical indications; Traditional knowledge; TRIPS; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61577

The Provisions on Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement

Schussler, Lennart.

Over the past decade, coffee producers have been struggling with the world market’s low and unstable coffee prices. Some coffee producing countries try to overcome this crisis by moving from pure commodity exports to higher-price exports of niche market quality products, like “single-origin coffee”, protected by intellectual property tools. Such protection can take the form of trademarks or geographical indications. At present within the single-origin coffee sector, a trend to use the latter form can be observed. For example, “Café de Colombia” was registered as a Protected Geographical Indication under Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006. Another recent example is the Ethiopian Fine Coffee Trademarking and Licensing Initiative. In order to protect its...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Columbia; Ethiopia; Geographical indications; Single-origin coffee; Trademarks; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48799

Geographical Indications and the Value of Reputation - Empirical Evidence for Cafe de Marcala

Geuze, Matthijs.

This article provides an overview of the provisions on geographical indications contained in the TRIPS Agreement and how they came about in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, which took place from 1986 to 1994 and resulted in the establishment of the World Trade Organization. The article underscores the difficulties involved in arriving at international standards in this area of intellectual property by putting the TRIPS provisions on geographical indications in their historical perspective of more than 120 years of international negotiations and by explaining their compromise character in the context of the single undertaking of the Uruguay Round and the continuing discussions at the international level, notably under the Doha...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Geographical indications; Intellectual property; WIPO; WTO; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48792

Teuber, Ramona.

More and more coffee-producing countries establish geographical indications (GIs) for their coffees. GIs are not only considered to be a useful tool for protecting an established reputation against misuse by imitators but also being a useful strategic tool to enter the growing specialty coffee market. Whereas the importance of regional reputation is quite well-documented in the empirical literature on wine, empirical evidence for regional reputational effects on coffee prices is rather scarce. Hence, the objective of the present paper is to shed light on the relevance of regional reputation in the coffee market by representing results for Honduran coffees. A hedonic pricing model based on internet auction data is presented including current quality proxied...

Can Foreign Producers Benefit from Geographical Indications under the New European Regulation?

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Reputation; Coffee; Marketing.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43835

The Recent International and Regulatory Decisions about Geographical Indications

Marette, Stephan.

This article discusses some economic issues linked to the 2006 European regulation regarding geographical indications. Economic implications of this regulation for foreign producers are investigated. The article examines whether or not the development of a geographical indication is a profitable strategy for foreign producers. The discussion here concludes that geographical indications may allow such producers access to a high-quality segment of the market, but efficient quality management is a necessary condition for reaching such a segment.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Regulation; Quality; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48793

Marette, Stephan; Clemens, Roxanne; Babcock, Bruce A..

As worldwide consumer demand for high-quality products and for information about these products increases, labels and geographical indications (GIs) can serve to signal quality traits to consumers. However, GI systems among countries are not homogeneous and can be used as trade barriers against competition. Philosophical differences between the European Union and the United States about how GIs should be registered and protected led to the formation of a WTO dispute settlement panel. In this paper we discuss the issues behind the dispute, the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision, and the EU response to the panel decision leading to the new Regulation 510/2006. Given the potential for GI labels to supply consumer information, context is provided...

Extending Protection at the WTO to Products Other Than Wines and Spirits: Who Will Benefit?

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Product labels; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18697

AS INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS COMO ESTRATÉGIA MERCADOLÓGICA NO MERCADO DE VINHOS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL

Vincent, Michel.

The issue of extending geographic indicator protection to products other than wines and spirits has created wide divergences between demandeurs and opponent countries at the WTO. This article examines the economic impacts of the proposals submitted at the WTO by these two groups of countries, focusing mainly on market access, generic names and impacts for the consumer in North America. Results from our survey show that reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers in North America would be more important in improving market access for EU geographical indications (GIs) than would GI extension. In addition, it would appear that North American consumers may not benefit from extension of protection to products other than wines and spirits..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Generic names; Geographical indications; Market access; WTO; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9383

Glass, Rogerio Fabricio; Castro, Antonio Maria Gomes de.

The objective of this paper was to analyze, in terms of marketing strategy, the geographical indications (GIs) as a competitive differential in the wine market. The paper is based on research that targeted the wine consumers from the Distrito Federal (Federal District) with a high degree of involvement with the product. This research had an exploratory-descriptive nature and used self-administrated structured questionnaires. Marketing strategies, mainly market segmentation and positioning and consumers’ behavior, were its conceptual basis. The target group’s perceptions about several marketing factors which influence wine consumption, especially the geographical indications, were analyzed. According to the consumers, the GIs are a differentiating factor in...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Marketing strategies; Wine market; Market segmentation and positioning; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60703

The Florida oranges local agro-food system – Geographical Indication or Commodity?

Perret, Anna O.; Thevenod-Mottet, Erik.

When considering the Florida oranges as a local production system, two questions currently arise: is this system frightened by a globalization of the orange juice as a commodity whereas it is integrated to a globalized system? And is there any specific local asset remaining, such as a special quality and reputation which would justify a recognition as a geographical indication? Our findings demonstrate that there is a dilemma, for the State authorities as well as for some actors of the system, between an origin product approach and a sectorial commodity one.

Environmental Labeling, Protected Geographical Indications and the Interests of Developing Countries

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Commodity; Globalization.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95215

IDENTIDADE E DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL – ESTUDO DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NO ESTADO DO RS

Grote, Ulrike.

Among developing countries, one can identify both proponents and opponents of extending the use of geographical indications (GIs) beyond wines and spirits. Such an extension is currently being discussed under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. While labeling is mostly based on private initiatives, GIs are considered to be long-term public rights. Proponents therefore regard GIs as the stronger tools for protecting their national property rights and offering them new opportunities to develop their export markets. Opponents, however, consider GIs to be new barriers to trade that impede their export opportunities. This article clarifies these positions and pulls together some...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Geographical indications; Labeling; WTO; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48795

Dullius, Paulo Roberto; Froehlich, Jose Marcos; Vendruscolo, Rafaela.

No contexto contemporâneo, demarcado pela valorização das diversidades culturais e dos patrimônios naturais, tem sido frequente a opção de muitos lugares por estratégias de desenvolvimento ancoradas na criação ou reconstrução de sua própria identidade territorial. Assim, conhecimentos e ações que visam consolidar potencialidades contemplando as especificidades histórico-culturais e naturais dos territórios são cada vez mais importantes. Atualmente, uma das principais estratégias que articula os potenciais da noção de identidade territorial para promover ações de desenvolvimento são aquelas que se pautam pela obtenção de dispositivos de reconhecimento via registro de Indicações Geográficas. Embora já amplamente utilizado na União Européia, no Brasil o...

The Nature and Function of Geographical Indications in Law

Palavras-chave: Identidade territorial; Desenvolvimento territorial; Indicações Geográficas; Indicação de Procedência; Territorial identity; Territorial development; Geographical indications; Indication of Origin; International Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109985

Geographical Indications and the Competitive Provision of Quality in Agricultural Markets

Ibele, Erik W..

There are two basic types of legal regime for the protection of geographical indications (GIs). Some systems, notably that of the European Union, define and treat GIs as a distinct type of intellectual property. This approach is also reflected in the provisions concerning GIs in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). Other legal systems, notably those of Australia, Canada and the United States, treat GIs as a subcategory of trademarks. Like trademarks, GIs function principally as a means of providing information to consumers. EU legislation and jurisprudence, however, define GIs more expansively than do trademark-based legal systems, and see GIs as in some ways superior to trademarks. The EU is attempting...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Intellectual property; Origin Regulation; Trademarks; TRIPS; WTO; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48791

Moschini, GianCarlo; Menapace, Luisa; Pick, Daniel H..

The economics of geographical indications (GIs) is assessed within a vertical product differentiation framework that is consistent with the competitive structure of the agricultural sector with free entry/exit. It is assumed that certification costs are needed for GIs to serve as (collective) credible quality certification devices, and production of high-quality product is endogenously determined. We find that GIs can support a competitive provision of quality that partly overcomes the market failure and leads to clear welfare gains, although they fall short of delivering the (constrained) first-best level of the high-quality good. The main beneficiaries of the welfare gains are consumers. Producers may also accrue some benefit if the production of...

The Economics of Geographical Indications: Welfare Implications

Palavras-chave: Competitive industry; Free entry/exit; Geographical indications; Marshallian stability; Quality certification; Trademarks; Welfare; Public Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6891

Tauber, Ramona; Anders, Sven M.; Langinier, Corinne.

The debate over the “right way” of protecting geographical indicators (GIs) has resulted in a growing body of literature investigating the welfare effects of GI policies using economic modelling approaches. This paper presents a synthesis of a small yet growing number of analytical studies on GIs. We find that modelling results and related policy conclusions hinge on different assumptions regarding consumer preferences, quality differentiation and weights attributed to producer or consumer welfare measures. Inconclusive results regarding a pareto-optimal design of GI policy leave several unresolved issues to researchers and policy makers assigned with the welfare implications of GI-based market interventions.

Crystallisation of Collective Action in the Emergence of a Geographical Indication System

Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Consumer preferences; Welfare; Policy; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103262

Paus, Marguerite; Reviron, Sophie.

Replaced with revised version of paper 09/20/11.

Producers' and Consumers' Expectations towards Geographical Indications - Empirical Evidence for Hessian Apple Wine

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Geographical indications; Clusters; Translation cycles; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95212

Teuber, Ramona.

The number of products bearing a Geographical Indication (GI) has increased steadily in recent years. The EU Commission considers GIs as a useful tool in fostering simultaneously the production of high-quality food products as well as rural development in less-favoured regions. However, GIs are by no means a self runner. In order to be successful consumers have to value GIs. So far empirical evidence with respect to consumers' knowledge, expectations and WTP towards GI products is rather mixed and mainly focused on Mediterranean countries. The present paper addresses both sides of the market, i.e. producers' motivations to establish a GI and consumers' expectations towards GI products by representing results from a German case study, i.e. Hessian apple...